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Title |
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1 |
Simulation on Fluidised Bed Biomass Gasifier Using
ASPEN Plus
Pawan Kumar Sahu, Vishwajeet Kureel
Abstract — The use of biomass as a resource of energy
has been additional improved in recent years and
special concentration has been rewarded to biomass
gasification. Due to the increasing importance in
biomass gasification, several models have been
projected in order to explain and identify with this
complex process, and the design, simulation,
optimization and process investigation of gasifiers
have been carried out. The main aim of this study is
to develop a comprehensive process model for
biomass gasification in a fluidized bed gasifier using
the ASPEN PLUS simulator. A disadvantage in using
ASPEN PLUS is not having of a library model to
simulate fluidized bed unit process. However, it is
feasible for users to input their own models, using
FORTRAN codes nested within the ASPEN PLUS
input file, to simulate operation of a fluidized bed.
The products of homogeneous reactions are defined
by Gibbs equilibrium and reaction rate kinetics are
used to determine the products of char gasification.
The intention of this study to evaluate the previous
research study to develop a model of the FICFB
gasifier for rice husk as a biomass feed stocks, for
predicting the steady-state performance of the model,
validate it against actual plant data and utilize it to
examine the influence of the main operating
parameters on gasifier performance.
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2 |
A Review and analysis on “Simulation on Fluidised
Bed Biomass Gasifier Using ASPEN Plus”
Pawan Kumar Sahu, Vishwajeet Kureel
Abstract — The use of biomass as a resource of energy
has been additional improved in recent years and
special concentration has been rewarded to biomass
gasification. Due to the increasing importance in
biomass gasification, several models have been
projected in order to explain and identify with this
complex process, and the design, simulation,
optimisation and process investigation of gasifiers
have been carried out. The objective of this study to
analyse the previous research study to develop a
model of the FICFB gasifier for rice husk as a
biomass feed stocks, for predicting the steady-state
performance of the model, validate it against actual
plant data and utilize it to examine the influence of
the main operating parameters on gasifier
performance.
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3 |
Earthquake Resistant Design of Low-Rise Open Ground
Storey Framed Building
Chinnam Vinay Kumar, Vallepu Vishnu Vardhan
Abstract — Presence of infill walls in the frames alters the
behaviour of the building under lateral loads. However, it is
common industry practice to ignore the stiffness of infill wall for
analysis of framed building. Engineers believe that analysis
without considering infill stiffness leads to a conservative design.
But this may not be always true, especially for vertically
irregular buildings with discontinuous infill walls. Hence, the
modelling of infill walls in the seismic analysis of framed
buildings is imperative. Indian Standard IS 1893: 2002 allows
analysis of open ground storey buildings without considering
infill stiffness but with a multiplication factor 2.5 in
compensation for the stiffness discontinuity. As per the code the
columns and beams of the open ground storey are to be designed
for 2.5 times the storey shears and moments calculated under
seismic loads of bare frames (i.e., without considering the infill
stiffness). However, as experienced by the engineers at design
offices, the multiplication factor of 2.5 is not realistic for low rise
buildings. This calls for an assessment and review of the code
recommended multiplication factor for low rise open ground
storey buildings. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is defined
as to check the applicability of the multiplication factor of 2.5
and to study the effect of infill strength and stiffness in the
seismic analysis of low rise open ground storey building. Infill
walls can be modelled in commercial software using twodimensional
area element with appropriate material properties
for linear elastic analysis. But this type of modelling may not
work for non-linear analysis since the non-linear material
properties for a two-dimensional orthotropic element is not very
well understood. Seismic evaluation of an existing reinforced
concrete (RC) framed building would invariably require a nonlinear
analysis. Published literature in this area recommends a
linear diagonal strut approach to model infill wall for both linear
(Equivalent Static Analysis and Response Spectrum Analysis)
and nonlinear analyses (Pushover Analysis and Time History
Analysis). An existing RC framed building (G+3) with open
ground storey located in Seismic Zone-V is considered for this
study. This building is analyzed for two different cases: (a)
considering both infill mass and infill stiffness and (b)
considering infill mass but without considering infill stiffness.
Two separate models were generated using commercial software
SAP2000. Infill weights were modelled through applying static
dead load and corresponding masses considered from this dead
load for dynamic analyses. Infill stiffness was modelled using a
diagonal strut approach. Two different support conditions,
namely fixed end support condition and pinned end support
condition, are considered to check the effect of support
conditions in the multiplication factors. Linear and non-linear
analyses were carried out for the models and the results were
compared. The analysis results show that a factor of 2.5 is too
high to be multiplied to the beam and column forces of the
ground storey of low-rise open ground storey buildings. This
study conclude that the problem of open ground storey buildings
cannot be identified properly through elastic analysis as the
stiffness of open ground storey building and a similar bare-frame
building are almost same. Nonlinear analysis reveals that open
ground storey building fails through a ground storey mechanism
at a comparatively low base shear and displacement and the
mode of failure is found to be brittle. Linear and nonlinear
analyses show that support condition influences the response
considerably and can be an important parameter to decide the
force amplification factor.
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4 |
Strengthening Of Shear Deficient RC T-Beams with
Externally Bonded FRP Sheets
Dhoddy Paramesh, Vallepu Vishnu Vardhan
Abstract — The rehabilitation of existing reinforced concrete (RC)
bridges and building becomes necessary due to ageing, corrosion
of steel reinforcement, defects in construction/design, demand in
the increased service loads, and damage in case of seismic events
and improvement in the design guidelines. Fiber-reinforced
polymers (FRP) have emerged as promising material for
rehabilitation of existing reinforced concrete structures. The
rehabilitation of structures can be in the form of strengthening,
repairing or retrofitting for seismic deficiencies. RC T-section is
the most common shape of beams and girders in buildings and
bridges. Shear failure of RC T-beams is identified as the most
disastrous failure mode as it does not give any advance warning
before failure. The shear strengthening of RC T-beams using
externally bonded (EB) FRP composites has become a popular
structural strengthening technique, due to the well-known
advantages of FRP composites such as their high strength-toweight
ratio and excellent corrosion resistance. A few studies on
shear strengthening of RC T-beams using externally bonded FRP
sheets have been carried out but still the shear performance of
FRP strengthened beams has not been fully understood. The
present study therefore explores the prospect of strengthening
structurally deficient T-beams by using an externally bonded
fiber reinforced polymer (FRP). This study assimilates the
experimental works of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP)
retrofitted RC T-beams under symmetrical four-point static
loading system. The thirteen number of beams were of the
following configurations, (i) one number of beam was considered
as the control beam, (ii) seven number of the beams were
strengthened with different configurations and orientations of
GFRP sheets, (iii) three number of the beams strengthened by
GFRP with steel bolt-plate, and (iv) two number of beams with
web openings strengthened by U-wrap in the shear zone of the
beams. The first beam, designated as control beam failed in
shear. The failures of strengthened beams are initiated with the
debonding failure of FRP sheets followed by brittle shear failure.
However, the shear capacity of these beams has increased as
compared to the control beam which can be further improved if
the debonding failure is prevented. An innovative method of
anchorage technique has been used to prevent these premature
failures, which as a result ensure full utilization of the strength of
FRP. A theoretical study has also been carried out to support few
of the experimental findings.
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5 |
Flexural and Shear Strengthening of RC Beams with
FRP –An Experimental Study
Gannarapu Vijay, Vallepu Vishnu Vardhan
Abstract — This study deals with experimental investigation for
enhancing the flexural and shear capacity of RC beams using
Glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRP) and Carbon fiber
reinforced polymers (CFRP). Fifteen concrete beam specimens
with dimensions of 110mm width, 200mm height and 1300mm
length were fabricated in the laboratory. As per practical
consideration of pre-stressed bridge girders, one 30mm diameter
longitudinal hole was provided below the neutral axis in the
tension zone in all the beams for future strengthening, service
lines and other consideration. The geometry of all beams was
kept constant, while steel reinforcement varied as per initial
design. Out of 15 beams four were control beams. One beam was
made without any steel reinforcement strengthened with two
layers of GFRP fabrics U- jacketed over the full span. Five
beams were weak in flexure, strengthened using GFRP fabrics
with varying configurations in higher flexural zone. Four beams
were weak in shear, (tied with two 6-Ø stirrups in each support,
one 6-Ø stirrup at mid span to keep the grill intact for
concreting) strengthened using GFRP fabrics with varying
configurations in higher shear zones near both supports. One
beam was made weak in shear, strengthened with CFRP fabrics
in higher shear zones near both supports. All the beams were
simply supported at both ends with 1000mm effective span,
150mm bearings, loaded under more realistic loading conditions,
i.e. uniformly distributed loaded (UDL) and tested up to failure
by gradually increasing super imposed load. The preparation of
concrete surface was done with great care and showed no bond
failure in all U-jacketed and inclined stripped beams. One beam
bonded with GFRP fabric in the soffit bottom only failed due to
debonding.The flexural and shear capacities of the beams are
compared with the theoretical prediction using codal provisions.
The experimental deflection of beams are also compared with the
theoretical predictions. The beams weak in flexure after
strengthening showed remarkable flexural strength with 33% to
83% increase in cracking load capacity with respect to the
control beam depending on the configuration of GFRP. The four
beams weak in shear after strengthening showed 25% to 81%
increase in cracking load capacity with respect to the control
beam depending on the configuration of GFRP. One beam shear
strengthened with CFRP showed remarkable increase of 131%
in cracking load capacity and rigidity with respect to the control
beam which is highest in the series of tested beams. There was
increase in the stiffness of all strengthened beams compared to
the control beams.
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6 |
Seismic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Buildings under
Varying Frequency Contents
Kasthuri Santhosh Kumar, Vallepu Vishnu Vardhan
Abstract — Earthquake is the result of sudden release of energy in
the earth’s crust that generates seismic waves. Ground shaking
and rupture are the major effects generated by earthquakes. It
has social as well as economic consequences such as causing
death and injury of living things especially human beings and
damages the built and natural environment. In order to take
precaution for the loss of life and damage of structures due to the
ground motion, it is important to understand the characteristics
of the ground motion. The most important dynamic
characteristics of earthquake are peak ground acceleration
(PGA), frequency content, and duration. These characteristics
play predominant rule in studying the behavior of structures
under seismic loads.The strength of ground motion is measured
based on the PGA, frequency content and how long the shaking
continues. Ground motion has different frequency contents such
as low, intermediate, and high. Present work deals with study of
frequency content of ground motion on reinforced concrete (RC)
buildings. Linear time history analysis is performed in structural
analysis and design (STAAD Pro) software. The proposed
method is to study the response of low, mid, and high- rise
reinforced concrete buildings under low, intermediate, and highfrequency
content ground motions. Both regular and irregular
three-dimension two, six, and twenty- story RC buildings with six
ground motions of low, intermediate, and high-frequency
contents having equal duration and peak ground acceleration
(PGA) are studied herein. The response of the buildings due to
the ground motions in terms of story displacement, story
velocity, story acceleration, and base shear are found. The
responses of each ground motion for each type of building are
studied and compared. The results show that low- frequency
content ground motions have significant effect on both regular as
well as irregular RC buildings. However, high-frequency content
ground motions have very less effect on responses of the regular
as well as irregular RC buildings.
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7 |
Seismic analysis of building with floating column
M. Indrasena reddy, vallepu vishnu vardhan
Abstract — In present scenario buildings with floating column is a
typical feature in the modern multistory construction in urban
India. Such features are highly undesirable in building built in
seismically active areas. This study highlights the importance of
explicitly recognizing the presence of the floating column in the
analysis of building. Alternate measures, involving stiffness
balance of the first storey and the storey above, are proposed to
reduce the irregularity introduced by the floating columns. FEM
codes are developed for 2D multi storey frames with and without
floating column to study the responses of the structure under
different earthquake excitation having different frequency
content keeping the PGA and time duration factor constant. The
time history of floor displacement, inter storey drift, base shear,
overturning moment are computed for both the frames with and
without floating column.
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8 |
3-D Analysis of Building Frame using STAAD-PRO
Mahammed Attaullah Khan, Vallepu Vishnu Vardhan
Abstract — In these modern days the Buildings are made to fulfill
our basic aspects and better Serviceability. It is not an issue to
construct a Building any how its, important to construct an
efficient building which will serve for many years without
showing any failure. The Project titled “3-D ANALYSIS OF
BUILDING FRAME USING STAAD-PRO”, aims in finding
Better technique for creating Geometry, Defining the cross
sections for column and beam etc, Creating specification and
supports (to define a support weather it is fixed or pinned),then
the Loads are defined. After that the model is analyzed by „run
analysis‟. Then reviewing (whether beam column passed in loads
or failed) results. Then the design is performed. In 21st century
due to huge population the no of areas in units are decreasing
day by day. Few years back the populations were not so vast so
they used to stay in Horizontal system(due to large area available
per person).But now a day‟s people preferring Vertical
System(high rise building due to shortage of area).In high rise
buildings we should concern about all the forces that act on a
building ,its own weight as well as the soil bearing capacity .For
external forces that act on the building the beam, column and
reinforcement should be good enough to counteract these forces
successfully. And the soil should be good enough to pass the load
successfully to the foundation. For loose soil we preferred deep
foundation (pile).If we will do so much calculation for a high rise
building manually then it will take more time as well as human
errors can be occurred. So the use of STAAD-PRO will make it
easy. STAAD-PRO can solve typical problem like Static analysis,
Seismic analysis and Natural frequency. These type of problem
can be solved by STAAD-PRO along with IS-CODE. Moreover
STAAD-PRO has a greater advantage than the manual
technique as it gives more accurate and precise result than the
manual technique. STAAD-PRO was born giant. It is the most
popular software used now a days.Basically it is performing design
works. There are four steps using STAAD-PRO to reach the goal.
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9 |
Analysis and Capacity Based Earthquake Resistant Design
of Multibay Multi Storeyed RC Frame
Vanga Mahesh, Vallepu Vishnu Vardhan
Abstract — Earthquakes in different parts of the world
demonstrated the disastrous consequences and vulnerability of
inadequate structures. Many reinforced concrete (RC) framed
structures located in zones of high seismicity in India are
constructed without considering the seismic codal provisions.
The vulnerability of inadequately designed structures represents
seismic risk to occupants. The main cause of failure of multistorey
multi-bay reinforced concrete frames during seismic
motion is the soft storey sway mechanism or column sway
mechanism. If the frame is designed on the basis of strong
column-weak beam concept the possibilities of collapse due to
sway mechanisms can be completely eliminated. In multi storey
frame this can be achieved by allowing the plastic hinges to form,
in predetermined sequences only at the ends of all the beams
while the columns remain essentially in elastic stage and by
avoiding shear mode of failures in columns and beams. This
procedure for design is known as Capacity based design which
would be the future design philosophy for earthquake resistant
design of multi storey multi bay reinforced concrete frames. The
aim of this project work is to present a detailed worked out
example on seismic analysis and capacity based design of fourstorey
reinforced concrete frame building.
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10 |
Strengthening of RC Continuous Beam Using FRP Sheet
Zubair Ahmed, Vallepu Vishnu Vardhan
Abstract — Strengthening structures via external bonding of
advanced fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composite is becoming
very popular worldwide during the past decade because it
provides a more economical and technically superior alternative
to the traditional techniques in many situations as it offers high
strength, low weight, corrosion resistance, high fatigue
resistance, easy and rapid installation and minimal change in
structural geometry. Although many in-situ RC beams are
continuous in construction, there has been very limited research
work in the area of FRP strengthening of continuous beams. In
the present study an experimental investigation is carried out to
study the behavior of continuous RC beams under static loading.
The beams are strengthened with externally bonded glass fibre
reinforced polymer (GFRP) sheets. Different scheme of
strengthening have been employed. The program consists of
fourteen continuous (two-span) beams with overall dimensions
equal to (150×200×2300) mm. The beams are grouped into two
series labeled S1 and S2 and each series have different
percentage of steel reinforcement. One beam from each series (S1
and S2) was not strengthened and was considered as a control
beam, whereas all other beams from both the series were
strengthened in various patterns with externally bonded GFRP
sheets. The present study examines the responses of RC
continuous beams, in terms of failure modes, enhancement of
load capacity and load deflection analysis. The results indicate
that the flexural strength of RC beams can be significantly
increased by gluing GFRP sheets to the tension face. In addition,
the epoxy bonded sheets improved the cracking behaviour of the
beams by delaying the formation of visible cracks and reducing
crack widths at higher load levels. The experimental results were
validated by using finite element method.
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11 |
Vibration Analysis of Structures
Mannan Nayeem, Vallepu Vishnu Vardhan
Abstract — The present focuses on dynamic nature of various
structures present in an environment where they are bound to
undergo vibrations. In such vibrating conditions when they are
subjected to a resonance they experience high amplitudes,
leading to the failure of the structure. Hence, the study of
operating frequencies of
1) Machine Foundations
i) Los Angels Abrasion Machine
ii) Jaw Crushing Machine
2) Fiber Reinforced Glass Composites – varying the number of
layers
i) 16 layers
ii) 12 layers
3) Steel Flats
In this study we have used a non computational technique for
analysis of dynamic nature of structures. Brüel&Kjær PULSE™,
Multi-analyzer System Type 3560 was used in the analysis. The
operating frequency ranges in case of Los Angels Abrasion
Machine is found to be 48 Hz – first frequency and 73 Hz –
second frequency. In case of Jaw Crushing Machine is 42.2 Hz –
first frequency and 71.8 Hz – second frequency. Whereas, in case
of steel flat the operating frequency is found to be 41.50 Hz. The
fiber reinforced glass composites were decreased in area in a
regular pattern and the pattern of frequency variation was
observed. In case of 16 layers the first frequency decreased from
284 Hz – 236 Hz and the second frequency also depicted similar
pattern. In case of 12 layers the first frequency decreased from
190 Hz – 160 Hz and the second frequency varied from 588 Hz –
390 Hz. The observed trend is justified as the value of K
decreases as we decrease the area of the sample. We have also
studied the determination of Buckling load from frequency study
in case of a steel flat. When steel flat is subjected to increasing
axial load the operating frequency is observed to decrease. When
this operating frequency tends to zero the axial load nears the
buckling load of that structure. 30cm steel flat is tested in a UTM
under increasing axial load. The initial frequency under no load
condition is 260 Hz. Under a load of 0.4 ton the first frequency
decreases to 168 Hz. Extrapolating the decreasing trend we get
the buckling load as 1.1739 ton. A similar trend was observed in
case of second frequencies. The vibration analysis of the
foundations of various machines will help us in designing them
such that their serviceability is increased. Similarly, fiber
reinforced composites are being used in various structural
members. These demands require a deeper understanding of
fiber composite behavior. Composites offer great promise as light
weight and strong structural materials. The study of dynamic
behavior of a structure holds at most importance in evaluating its
engineering performance and serviceability.
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12 |
A New Interleaved Three-Phase Single-Stage PFC AC–DC
Converter
Nyalakonda Venkataramana Reddy
Abstract — The widespread use of non-linear loads, such as variable
speed drives (VSDs), power factor improvement has become more
difficult. The presence of harmonic currents cause power
capacitors to absorb them, as capacitor impedance is inversely
proportional to frequency. The effects are overheating and
increased dielectric stress of power capacitors, which result in their
premature failure. These traditional approaches can also interact
with harmonics, leading to harmonic amplifications at resonant
frequency, which can damage the capacitors or components of the
system. A new integrated three-level ac–dc converter is presented.
The proposed converter integrates the operation of the boost power
factor correction and the three-level dc–dc converter. The
converter is made to operate with two independent controllers—an
input controller that performs power factor correction and
regulates the dc bus and an output controller that regulates the
output voltage. The input controller prevents the dc-bus voltage
from becoming excessive while still allowing a single-stage
converter topology to be used. The paper explains the operation of
the new converter in detail and discusses its features and a
procedure for its proper design.
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13 |
Reducing the Fault Current and Overvoltage in a Distribution
System with Distributed Generation Units through an Active
Type SFCL
Sunke Ajay
Abstract — For a power distribution system with distributed
generation (DG) units, its fault current and induced overvoltage
under abnormal conditions should be taken into account seriously.
In consideration that applying superconducting fault current
limiter (SFCL) may be a feasible solution, in this project, the effects
of a voltage compensation type active SFCL on them are studied
through theoretical derivation and simulation. The active SFCL is
composed of an air-core superconducting transformer and a PWM
converter. The magnetic field in the air-core can be controlled by
adjusting the converters output current, and then the active SFCLs
equivalent impedance can be regulated for current limitation and
possible overvoltage suppression. During the study process, in view
of the changes in the locations of the DG units connected to the
system, the DG units injection capacities and the fault positions, the
active SFCLs current-limiting and overvoltage suppressing
characteristics are both simulated in MATLAB. The simulation
results show that the active SFCL can play an obvious role in
restraining the fault current and overvoltage, and it can contribute
to avoiding damage on the relevant distribution equipment and
improve the systems safety and reliability.
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14 |
A methodology to detect malicious web sites using
Classification algorithm
Dr.P.Suresh, K.N.Nithya, B.Manivannan
Abstract — Malicious codes have been a major ad hock initiating
from a local computer destruction which perpetuates even in
malfunctioning of Internet by causing invincible attacks to the
IP addresses. An attempt is made to pre-study the URL sites
before the end users visit. In this paper, we implement an
automated URL classification algorithm using Bayesian
methods that determines malicious and benign websites from
the list of URLs provided. The method is very effective at the
server side as detection process is done beforehand and after
letting the websites to be used by the end users.It is found to be
very efficient in detecting malicious websites with only modest
false positives.
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15 |
Differential draft the bottoms of vertical reservoirs,
operating in Arctic conditions
A.A. Alexeev, A. M. Bolshakov, N.K.Malarov
Abstract — The analysis of differential draft the bottoms of
vertical welded reservoirs operating in Arctic conditions. As a
result of leveling and plumb, it was found that there is a
significant excess of standards deviations reservoirs horizontally
and vertically, which can cause an accident. The results of
investigation of fracture and damage to reservoirs.
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16 |
Comparison of RCS calculations of Complex Targets by
using FDTD –Based Virtual Tools
B.Nagarjuna
Abstract — Radar cross section is one of the key parameters in
the detection of targets. It is used to describe the amount of
scattered power from a target towards the radar. A novel,
accelerated, and parallelized Finite-Difference Time-Domain
(FDTD) based radar cross section (RCS) prediction tool, MGLFastRCS,
is used for different complex targets are simulated via
both the finite difference time domain method and the Method of
Moments (MOM).The virtual RCS prediction tool that was
introduced in previous work is used for these investigations. The
virtual tool automatically creates the discrete FDTD model of the
target under investigation and performs the FDTD RCS analysis.
It also automatically constructs a MoM wire grid model of the
targets; therefore, it is also possible to compare FDTD results
against the MoM- based data. Another FDTD-based RCS Virtual
prediction tool,MGL-RCS, was designed in such a way as to
automatically constructs a wire-grid model of the structure
under investigation.
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17 |
Design and Development of low cost CNC 3- axis vacuum
gripper Material Handling Equipment
Anjana.S.Balehosur, A.K Murthy
Abstract — Increment in the fast development of Technologyfundamentally
expanded the use and usage of CNC frameworks in
businesses however at impressive costly. The CNC (Computer
Numerical Control) is an innovation which expects to produce,
parse and execute consecutive activities in Material Handling by
reducing manufacturing cycle time, delays, damages and promote
safety and improve working conditions. The taught on creation
of ease CNC Material Handling equipment to decrease the
expense by using elements of standard PC interface with open
source Arduino uno frame work. The paper talks about 3-axis
Handling operation done easily by simple G-Code parser on the
small scale controller from a USB. Programing created in Gbrl
controller and set up a correspondence between machine and the
PC. The Handling of materials done with help of Air compressor
which creates vacuum and suction cup helps in picking and
placing.
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18 |
A New Approach to Detection of Blood Vessels and
Optic Disc from Digital Fundus Images
P.P.Muralikrishna, B.Manikanth
Abstract — Retinal image analysis is the most important
for detecting diagnosis in modern ophthalmology. In
this paper, we present a novel method to detect blood
vessels and optic disc from fundus retinal images. The
early diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy are damages the
retina, is crucial to the protection of the vision of
diabetes sufferers. This method is useful to detect the
diagnosis in the fundus retinal images like diabetic
retinopathy, hypertension and glaucoma. In this
histogram equalization technique is used for detection
of blood vessels from digital fundus retinal images and
histogram matching method is used for detecting optic
disc.
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19 |
Secure Communication Based on SVD and 3DWT
(SVD3DWT) Watermarking
Ruchi Pachori, Amit Mishra
Abstract — Watermarking is an approach to hide the data
(image in our case) efficiently into any covering object
(image in our case) and it should be done in such a manner
that any intruder cannot interpret it by any means. As per
IEEE standard stegno image cannot be interpreted easily
by any intruder. The proposed method is been developed in
such a way that our generated stegno image follows the
same standard. So, the total SNR observed for any scenario
where the data image and cover image has the ratio of 1:8
or less & more than 82.9. In the proposed work we have
achieved minimum SNR is 85.93 for data image and cover
image and it has ratio of 1:25 and maximum SNR is 98.3
data image and cover image and it has ration of 1:62 .It has
a good result in terms of the ratio as compared with the
previous work in the same area.
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20 |
Huffman Coding Based Lossless Image Compression
Method with High SNR
Purn Chandra Jha, Amit Mishra
Abstract — Compression is used about everywhere.
Images are very important documents nowadays; to
work with them in some applications they need to be
compressed, more or less depending on the purpose of
the application. There are various algorithms that
performs this compression in different ways; some are
lossless and keep the same information as the original
image, some others loss information when compressing
the image. In this paper I have been working with
Huffman lossless compression algorithms for different
grayscale images. I have seen how well the different
format work for each of the images. The compression
ratio (CR) and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) are
obtained for different images.
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21 |
Pre-processing of Accelerometer Data for the Analysis of
Adequate Footwork during Dancing using ANFIS
Prof. Elina Das
Abstract — In this article, an elementary and effective noise
cancellation technique for the analysis of proper footwork during
a dance performance is proposed. An experiment was conducted
on the analysis of the vibration occurred on a dance floor by
obtaining data from accelerometer. The spectral pattern for
respective foot movements may be helpful to analyze the dance
performance. The major issue in this methodology is the impact
of noise occurred due to the presence of surrounding music
systems in a closed dance hall. In this proposed noise cancellation
technique, we have used ANFIS to recognize the nonlinear
relationship between noise occurred due to surrounding music
and the interference occurred. Though interference is not
directly available, we can take the measured signal from the
accelerometer as a "adulterated" version of interference for
training. Finally, the impact of noise on the measured signal is
efficiently cancelled and the filtered signal is used for the analysis
of foot movement during dance performance.
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22 |
Duplication Based Hybrid Genetic Algorithm for
Multiprocessor Task Scheduling : An Overview
Madhuri Yadav, Sunita Dhingra
Abstract — Parallel processing of a program refers to the process
of dividing the program code and running them to multiple
processors. Multiprocessor task scheduling is about distributing
the program code to the multiple processors. The problem of
task being optimally distributed among processor is Hard in
nature. As the problem is NP-Hard, finding an optimal solution
is difficult with traditional strategies, so it is decided to use
hybrid approach making the system to take advantage of both
heuristic and Meta heuristic approach resulting better possible
solution.
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23 |
A Design & Simulation of Domestic Grid Connected
PV System
Ashutosh Gour, Dr. A.K.Sharma
Abstract — A boost dc-ac inverter is extremely used in solar
power conversion system. An efficient controller for single
stage boost inverter will be useful in solar power generation
system. The boost dc-ac inverter has distinguished features
like boosting and inverting the low input dc voltage into high
ac voltage in a single power conversion stage. Also the overall
solar power generation system is improved due to the
minimum number of power switching components. The
conventional controllers namely double loop controller,
sliding mode controller and averaged current controller for
the boost dc-ac inverter have some disadvantages such as
incapability to give instant response during abrupt load
changes, complex theory, the variable switching frequency,
the lack of an inductance averaged-current control the
constraints to the controller parameter selection and
complex implementation.
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24 |
A Review of MPPT Techniques for Grid Connected PV
Systems
Ashutosh Gour, Dr. A.K.Sharma
Abstract — In this paper evaluation of the most commonly used
MPPT techniques and finds which MPPT technique is most
suitable for grid connected systems. This paper presents the
modelling of a Photovoltaic cell, dc to dc converter, and
simulation study of a grid connected PV system. In this paper
various design strategies for grid connected PV systems with
MPPT has been surveyed and a design for new grid connected
PV systems with MPPT is proposed.
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25 |
Experimental study on strength of concrete by using
Metakaolin & OP
Shashikant Dewangan, Nidhi Gupta
Abstract — Concrete is that pourable mix of cement,
water, sand, and gravel that hardens into a superstrong
building material. Supplementary cementing
materials (SCM) have become an integral part of
concrete mix design. These may be naturally
occurring materials, industrial wastes or, by products
or the ones requiring less energy to manufacture.
Some of the commonly used SCM are fly ash; silica
fume (SF), GGBS, rice husk ash and metakaolin
(MK), etc. metakaolin is obtained by the calcination
of kaolinite. it is being used very commonly as
pozzolanic material and has exhibited considerable
influence in enhancing the mechanical and durability
properties of concrete. In this paper, experimental
study was carried out on M 20 grade of concrete. In
this concrete cement was replaced by metakolin. In
various percentages such as 5%, 10%, 15% concrete
specimens containing metakaolin were studied for
their compressive strength.
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26 |
Performance on compressive strengths of concrete
with partial replacement of cement by ground
granulated blast furnace and sand by quarry dust
Yogesh Soni, nidhi gupta
Abstract — Concrete is the most widely used
construction material in civil engineering industry
because of its high structural strength and stability.
Cement and sand is a major constituent material of
the concrete which produced by natural raw material
like lime and silica and natural sand respectively.
Once situation may occurs there will be no lime on
earth production of cement also natural sand. This
situation leads to think all people working in
construction industry to do research work on cement
replacing material and natural sand for use of it. The
construction industry is constantly looking for
supplementary cement and natural sand material
with the objective of reducing the solid waste disposal
problem. Ground granulated blast furnace slag
(GGBS), quarry sand are the solid wastes generated
by Industry. To overcome from this crisis, partial
replacement of Cement with GGBS, natural sand
with quarry sand (QS) can be an economic
Alternative. The cubes are tested for compressive
strengths. Ordinary Portland cement was partially
replaced by GGBS of 0%, 30%, 40%,50% and
natural sand replacement by QS 0%, 40%, 50%,
60%.
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27 |
A Review on Multiple Cell Upset Data Correction using
Decimal Matrix Code for Enhanced Memory Reliability
Heena Saravgi
Abstract — The data stored in memory needs to be considered for
the reliability for its content stored when the memory is exposed
to the radiation environment in case of transient multiple cells
upsets (MCUs). In order to protect the data from the radiation
and transients there are many advanced packaging techniques
are suggested. The particular packaging technique provides
safety from a limited variation of radiations. The devices used for
the present wireless communication field are subject to the
exposed radiations of the surrounding environment. In such
conditions of radiations few data protection techniques are
preferred to use for authenticating the data before using it for
further process. One of the techniques used for this is Error
correction code. The encoded data is then stored in memory
place by utilizing the protection technique. The redundant bits
used for minimizing delay overhead in data correction are to be
stored in memory location utilizes in error correction code. A
review on memory data error detection and correction code is
presented in this paper.
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28 |
Analysis of Parameters Influencing the Performance
of PEM Fuel Cell by ANSYS
V.Nandhakumar, M.Muthukumar, A.P.Senthil Kumar
Abstract — Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells
are promising power generation sources for mobile and
stationary applications. However, there are several
technical problems to be solved in order to achieve
practicability and popularization. Especially, water
management inside a PEMFC is essential for high
performance operation. “Water flooding” and “dry
out” is a critical barrier for high efficiency and high
power density. To alleviate these issues, it is necessary
to analysis the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
for different gas flow parameters and serpentine model
is chosen with the area of 25 cm2 by varying the
temperature and pressure are analyses and the
optimum temperature and pressure are chosen from
ANSYS 14.5 software.
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29 |
Oversegmentation Avoidance in Face Matching for Color
Images Using Mean Shift
Shiv S Pandey, Yogesh Rai, Santosh Kushwaha
Abstract — We proposed a novel method for face matching
from face image database. In our method we have taken
set of face images so recognition decisions need to be based
on comparisons of face image database. This paper
presents an approach to region based face matching. The
low level image segmentation method mean shift is used to
divide the image into many small regions. As a popular
segmentation scheme for color image, watershed has over
segmentation as compared to mean-shift and also meanshift
preserves well the edge information of the object. The
proposed method automatically merges the regions that
are initially segmented by mean shift segmentation,
effectively extracts the object contour and then, matches
the obtained mask with test database image sets on the
basis of color and texture. Extensive experiments are
performed and the results show that the proposed scheme
can reliably form the mask from the face image and
effectively matches the mask with face image sets.
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30 |
Design and Surface Modification of Wind Turbine
Blade Using Analytical as Well as Virtual Method
S.M.Choudhary, Navin Bambode
Abstract — Designing horizontal-axis wind turbine
(HAWT) blades to achieve satisfactory levels of
performance starts with knowledge of the
aerodynamic forces acting on the blades. In this paper,
HAWT blade design is studied from the aspect of
aerodynamic view and the basic principles of the
aerodynamic behaviours of HAWTs are investigated.
Firstly, blade designs procedure for an optimum rotor
according to CFD analysis as well as analytical
calculations. Then designed blade shape is modified
such that modified blade will be lightly loaded
regarding the highly loaded of the designed blade and
power prediction of modified blade is analysed. When
the designed blade shape is modified, it is seen that the
power extracted from the wind is reduced about 10%
and the length of modified blade is increased about 5%
for the same required power.
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31 |
Improvement for Compressive Strength of Composite of
concrete with different material by analytical and FEA
method
Sonul D. Bodhane, Swapnil M. Choudhry
Abstract — There are some resources like natural fiber like human
hair, coconut fiber are destroyed as a waste material. But after
knowing better sides of these fibers, they are getting a proper
attention over the years. With the aim of utilizing abundant
waste material, a human hair, coconut fiber and polypropylene
composite has been developed using it as reinforcing constituent
and cement as matrix constituents. This paper presents testing of
this material combination with concrete and uses these properties
of human hair, coconut fiber and polypropylene fiber reinforced
combine with cement, it forms composite. Composites with
various compositions of human hair, coconut fiber and
polypropylene were fabricated. The fabricated specimen
composed of various % of human hair, coconut fiber and
polypropylene fibers in cement concrete is tested for properties
improvement and came out as an eye opener. The best result we
achieved with Composite 2 which is having 0.25% human hair
which testes experimentally and virtually as well. So in this
paper, analytical approach is made for getting exact solution for
the composite and compare with the results obtained from FEA
method. And holds the value 31.5 MPa as compressive strength
by experiment and analysis by ANSYS software is 29.96 MPa.
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32 |
“Impact of landfill leachate on the groundwater
Quality” A Study in Central India
Samiksha Jain, Prof R.K. Bhatia
Abstract — Sanitary landfill is a process in the solid
waste management system. It can be defined as „„a
method of disposing of refuse on land without
creating nuisances or hazards to public health or
safety, by utilizing the principles of engineering to
confine the refuse to the smallest practical area, to
reduce it to the smallest practical volume, and to
cover it with a layer of earth at the conclusion of each
day‟s operation or at such more frequent intervals as
may be necessary.‟‟ This paper presents the results of
the analyses of ground water pollution due to the solid
waste landfill located at Kathonda landfill, Jabalpur,
M.P. To evaluate the environmental impacts
associated with solid waste landfilling, groundwater
quality near the landfills were analysed. The results of
physicochemical analyses of groundwater confirmed
that its characteristics were variable with severe
contamination. These parameters included
conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, chlorides, pH,
Turbidity, Total hardness, Total alkalinity, Dissolved
Oxygen. The results suggested the need for
continuous monitoring of the groundwater treatment
processes.
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33 |
“Impact of landfill leachate on the groundwater
Quality” A Review Study in Central India
Samiksha Jain, Prof R.K. Bhatia
Abstract — It is worthy of note that, once groundwater
becomes contaminated, full restoration of its quality
is very difficult and even impossible in some cases. In
the course of this research Study, emphasis is given to
the review about the previous study on threatening
effects of a particular source of groundwater
contamination that are represented by solid waste
disposal (SWD) site, particularly Kathonda located in
Jabalpur city (M.P.) At the SWD sites, precipitation
that infiltrates the waste materials mixes with the
organic and moisture contents of the waste to leach
toxic compounds. The leachate formed contains
dissolved organic and inorganic solutes, which
potentially percolate through the soil to alter the
physicochemical characteristics of the groundwater
aquifer. The extent of leachate transport processes
varies widely depending on many factors, such as
hydrogeology, physiographic and other
environmental settings of the affected area.
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34 |
Loss Minimization by Optimal Capacitor Placement
in Distribution System Using ETAP Software
Priyanka Shrivastav, R. P. Bhatele
Abstract — Electrical power system provides a essential
service to the people. For well operation of electrical
power generation, transmission and distribution, it is
essential that system should be balanced. Power flow
analysis stands out as the organization of power
system initial investigate as well as design. They are
really essential for planning, operation, economic
development and interchange of power among
utilities. In this paper power flow study of 132/33kV
substation using ETAP is carried out to overcome the
low power factor and under voltage problem. There
can be the improvement in power factor when
applying the capacitor bank of 12 Mvar. The existing
substation can be applied with a capacitor bank to
improve the power factor about 6-9% and there can
also be voltage improvement with the reduction in
current.
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35 |
Review on “Loss Minimization by Optimal
Capacitor Placement in Distribution System Using
ETAP Software"
Priyanka Shrivastav, Dr. R. P. Bhatele
Abstract — Electrical power system provides an
imperative service to the humanity. For well
operation of electrical power generation, transmission
and distribution, it is important that system should be
balanced. Power flow analysis stands out as the
organization of power system initial research as well
as design. They are really necessary for planning,
operation, economic scheduling and interchange of
power between utilities. The load flow study in a
power system comprises a study of tremendously
important implication. The analysis uncovers the
electrical performance and power flows (real and
reactive) for stipulated conditions whenever the
system is functioning under the consistent state. This
paper gives an overview of various techniques useful
for load flow study under distinctive stipulated
conditions The main objectives of this survey are to
collect the information from the previous literatures.
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36 |
Extent of Exclusion in Education: A District
Level Study in Odisha
Ratna Binodini Amiya Priyadarsini Das
Abstract — Economist who are basically concerned
about development they say development is the
word basically refers the quality of life in the
economy which might be seen in accordance
with the availability of so many variables such
as: the level of nutrition, the expansion and the
reach of health care facilities and hospitals, safe
drinking water, the level of education there
might be many more variables on which the
quality of life depends on. So, economic
development is both quantitative and qualitative
progress in an economy .But in India in order to
provide inclusive growth and development it has
become a challenge for planners and policy
makers at the outset of the eleventh five year
plan .The eleventh five year plan planned to
provide inclusive growth. This plan lays
importance on the benefit of growth was a
trickledown effect to the poor .That if the
growth and development is not for the poor then
that development is meaningless. So the plan has
given importance to inclusive growth .Where all
the poor peoples ,marginalised and backward
peoples will be included in the development
process more and more and no one should
excluded from the development process.
Exclusion is the denial of access about
something. In this paper exclusion basically
means the social exclusion when a group of
people excluded from the development process,
excluded from the opportunities. In broader
sense the exclusion means where the individuals
wholly or partially excluded from the full
participation in the society in which they live.
This paper basically shows how some sections of
people excluded from the education. Education
is a basic need of all people, even if government
do so many things for the improvement of
education for the importance in the level of
literacy but actually there are so many people
who are excluded from the education .The drop
outs more among the marginalised people. So
there is a need to improvise our system our
structure of society, our education system,
objectives and mission so that the poor excluded
and marginalised people will be included in the
development process and education system. The
objectives of this paper is to study the rate of the
exclusion in odisha is various districts and
groups .The secondary data was collected from
various statistical hand books ,survey books,
and from OPEPA .Data was analysed by using
various statistical techniques. Educational
development index was prepared to rank the
districts to show the extent of exclusion.
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37 |
Analysis & Design of Multi-storeyed Residential Apartments
Vaddamani Vamsi Krishna, Vallepu Vishnu Vardhan
Abstract — The basic need of person is to provide with proper food,
clothing and shelter. The first two aspects are very essential to each
and every person and people who are sufficient with the food and
clothing, they will have thought of a shelterOn emplacing
requirements of modernization this project has been chose to
ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF MULTISTORIED RESIDENTIAL APARTMENTS,
which provides shelter to 30 families in ground and five floors. The
proposed project having 5 blocks and each block consists of 6 flats
i.e. G+5 floors. Each flat consists of one master bed room, bed
room, living room; dining, kitchen, two balconies and toilet.All
external walls are of 230mm thick, internal walls are of 115mm
thick. Height of each floor is 3m. The designs have been done by
using LIMIT STATE METHOD and the frame analysis done by using
KANI’S METHOD.
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38 |
Foundation and Footing for a Commercial Complex
Jatoth Bajan Sing, Vallepu Vishnu Vardhan
Abstract — We have chosen the project “FOUNDATION AND
FOOTINGS FOR COMMERCIAL COMPLEX” as this project
describes briefly about the laying of foundation and footing. It
includes the different types of foundations and footings towards the
loads acting on it. It deals with the different types of foundations
accordance with the soil present in the site location. Due to the
growth of population it is important of construction of efficient
buildings. As the Foundation is the primary element for the
construction it has to give great importance, care and maintenance.
Foundation enables strength, rigidity and durability for the
construction. The criteria for lying of good foundation depend
upon the concrete and reinforcement provided in it. Factors such
as Soil bearing capacity, load intensity and earth pressures are also
considered in foundation construction. Our protect work was done
from the basics of clearing of site ,excavation for foundations,
laying of P.C.C, marking and laying of footings and columns,
preparation of reinforcement for footing, column as per design,
erection of reinforcement as per plan and design, shuttering of
footing, footing concreting, column marking.
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39 |
Construction Project Planning of High-Rise RCC Building
Mohammed Minhaj Uddin Ahmed, Vallepu Vishnu Vardhan
Abstract — Any work in this world can be classified into either a
project or an operation. The sector of construction is no
exception. The project is defined as a temporary endeavour
undertaken to create a unique product or service or result. From
the software perspective the project is viewed as a list of related
activities or tasks. Every task or activity has a definitive starting
point of time and definitive ending point of time. The allocation
of resources to these activities is done once the list of resources is
prepared. These can be manpower like project managers, site
engineers, workers, equipment like crane, material like cables,
drums, bricks etc. The usage of these resources is to be
mentioned in terms of percentage utility. Calendar is of highest
importance and study of the default calendars is essential. The
baseline is set and then the tracking of the project begins.
Though there is much software available in the market for
project planning, the most popular are Microsoft project. The
version used in this project is Microsoft office project standard
2010. Planning is the first function of management. It is an
intellectual process and high end thinking is required for this. All
the details required for a thorough planning thus paving way to a
smooth execution of construction of a project is ensured with the
help of this software tool.
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40 |
Experimental and Analytical Study on Torsional Behaviour
of RC Flanged Beams Strengthened with Glass FRP
Bethi Rajkumar, Vallepu Vishnu Vardhan
Abstract — Environmental degradation, increased service loads,
reduced capacity due to aging, degradation owing to poor
construction materials and workmanships and conditional need
for seismic retrofitting have demanded the necessity for repair
and rehabilitation of existing structures. Fibre reinforced
polymers has been used successfully in many such applications
for reasons like low weight, high strength and durability. Many
previous research works on torsional strengthening were focused
on solid rectangular RC beams with different strip layouts and
different types of fibres. Various analytical models were
developed to predict torsional behaviour of strengthened
rectangular beams and successfully used for validation of the
experimental works. But literature on torsional strengthening of
RC T- beam is limited. In the present work experimental study
was conducted in order to have a better understanding the
behavior of torsional strengthening of solid RC flanged T-beams.
An RC T-beam is analyzed and designed for torsion like an RC
rectangular beam; the effect of concrete on flange is neglected by
codes. In the present study effect of flange part in resisting
torsion is studied by changing flange width of controlled beams.
The other parameters studied are strengthening configurations
and fiber orientations. The objective of present study is to
evaluate the effectiveness of the use of epoxy-bonded GFRP
fabrics as external transverse reinforced to reinforced concrete
beams with flanged cross sections (T-beam) subjected to torsion.
Torsional results from strengthened beams are compared with
the experimental result of the control beams without FRP
application. The study shows remarkable improvement in
torsional behavior of all the GFRP strengthens beams. The
experimentally obtained results are validated with analytical
model presented by A.Deifalla and A. Ghobarah and found in
good agreement.
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41 |
Strengthening of reinforced concrete Beams using glass
fibre reinforced Polymer composites
D Sai Bhargavi, Vallepu Vishnu Vardhan
Abstract — Worldwide, a great deal of research is currently being
conducted concerning the use of fiber reinforced plastic wraps,
laminates and sheets in the repair and strengthening of
reinforced concrete members. Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)
application is a very effective way to repair and strengthen
structures that have become structurally weak over their life
span. FRP repair systems provide an economically viable
alternative to traditional repair systems and materials.
Experimental investigations on the flexural and shear behaviour
of RC beams strengthened using continuous glass fiber
reinforced polymer (GFRP) sheets are carried out. Externally
reinforced concrete beams with epoxy-bonded GFRP sheets were
tested to failure using a symmetrical two point concentrated
static loading system. Two sets of beams were casted for this
experimental test program. In SET I three beams weak in flexure
were casted, out of which one is controlled beam and other two
beams were strengthened using continuous glass fiber reinforced
polymer (GFRP) sheets in flexure. In SET II three beams weak
in shear were casted, out of which one is the controlled beam and
other two beams were strengthened using continuous glass fiber
reinforced polymer (GFRP) sheets in shear. The strengthening of
the beams is done with different amount and configuration of
GFRP sheets. Experimental data on load, deflection and failure
modes of each of the beams were obtained. The detail procedure
and application of GFRP sheets for strengthening of RC beams is
also included. The effect of number of GFRP layers and its
orientation on ultimate load carrying capacity and failure mode
of the beams are investigated.
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42 |
Effect of Pozzolanas on Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Mohammed Moizuddin Zain, Vallepu Vishnu Vardhan
Abstract — High-performance concrete is defined as concrete that
meets special combinations of performance and uniformity
requirements that cannot always be achieved routinely using
conventional constituents and normal mixing, placing, and
curing practices. Ever since the term high-performance concrete
was introduced into the industry, it had widely used in largescale
concrete construction that demands high strength, high
flow ability, and high durability. A high-strength concrete is
always a high-performance concrete, but a high-performance
concrete is not always a high-strength concrete. Durable concrete
Specifying a high-strength concrete does not ensure that a
durable concrete will be achieved. It is very difficult to get a
product which simultaneously fulfils all of the properties. So the
different pozzolanic materials like Ground Granulated Blast
furnace Slag (GGBS), silica fume, Rice husk ash, Fly ash, High
Reactive Metakaolin, are some of the pozzolanic materials which
can be used in concrete as partial replacement of cement, which
are very essential ingredients to produce high performance
concrete. So we have performed XRD tests of these above
mentioned materials to know the variation of different
constituent within it. Also it is very important to maintain the
water cement ratio within the minimal range, for that we have to
use the water reducing admixture i.e. super plasticizer, which
plays an important role for the production of high performance
concrete. So we herein the project has tested on different
materials like rice husk ash, Ground granulated blast furnace
slag, silica fume to obtain the desired needs. Also X-ray
diffraction test was conducted on different pozzolanic material
used to analyse their content ingredients. We used synthetic fiber
(i.e Recron fibe) in different percentage i.e 0.0%, 0.1%, 0.2%,
0.3% to that of total weight of concrete and casting was done.
Finally we used different percentage of silica fume with the
replacement of cement keeping constant fiber content and
concrete was casted. In our study it was used two types of
cement, Portland slag cement and ordinary Portland cement. We
prepared mortar, cubes, cylinder, prism and finally compressive
test, splitting test, flexural test are conducted. Finally porosity
and permeability test conducted. Also to obtain such
performances that cannot be obtained from conventional
concrete and by the current method, a large number of trial
mixes are required to select the desired combination of materials
that meets special performance.
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43 |
Mix Design and Environmental Benefits of
Geopolymer Concrete
Prudvi.Hari chandra prasad, Vallepu Vishnu Vardhan
Abstract — In this study we carry out a detailed environmental
evaluation of geopolymer concrete production using the Life Cycle
Assessment methodology. The literature shows that the production
of most standard types of geopolymer concrete has a slightly lower
impact on global warming than standard Ordinary Portland
Cement (OPC) concrete. Whilst our results confirm this they also
show that the production of geopolymer concrete has a higher
environmental impact regarding other impact categories than
global warming. This is due to the heavy effects of the production
of the sodium silicate solution. Geopolymer concrete made from fly
ashes or granulated blast furnace slags based require less of the
sodium silicate solution in order to be activated. They therefore
have a lower environmental impact than geopolymer concrete
made from pure metakaolin. However, when the production of fly
ashes and granulated blast furnace slags is taken into account
during the life cycle assessment (using either an economic or a mass
allocation procedure), it appears that geopolymer concrete has a
similar impact on global warming than standard concrete. This
study highlights that future research and development in the field
of geopolymer concrete technology should focus on two potential
solutions. First of all the use of industrial waste that is not
recyclable within other industries and secondly on the production
of geopolymer concrete using a mix of blast furnace slag and
activated clays. Furthermore geopolymer concrete production
would gain from using waste material with a suitable Si/Al molar
ratio in order to minimise the amount of sodium silicate solution
used. Finally, by taking into account mix-design technology, which
has already been developed for OPC concrete, the amount of
binder required to produce a geopolymer concrete could be
reduced.
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44 |
Non Linear Static Analysis of RC Framed Buildings
with Setback
Renukuntla Sai Kumar, Vallepu Vishnu Vardhan
Abstract — Analysis of the structure shall be conducted to determine
the distribution of forces and deformations induced in the structure
by the design ground shaking and other seismic hazards
corresponding with rehabilitation objectives. The analysis shall
address the seismic demands and the capacity to resist these
demands for all the elements in the structure that either are
essential to the lateral stability of the structure (primary element)
or to the vertical load carry in integrity of the building Major
structural collapses occur when the building is under the action of
dynamic loads which includes earthquake loads. In these modern
days most of the structures are involved with architectural
importance and hence many structures in the present scenario have
irregular configurations both in plan and elevation. This in future
may subject to devastating earthquakes. Hence, it is necessary to
identify the performance of the structures to withstand against
disaster for both new and existing one.This study aims at
evaluating and comparing the response of G+10, G+15, G+20
systems with vertical irregularities as described by the ATC-40 and
the FEMA273 using nonlinear static procedures, with described
acceptance criteria. The methodologies are applied to G+10, G+15,
G+20 systems with vertical irregularity with bracings and with
masonry struts. The non linear response of structure with vertical
irregularity has been done using SAP2000 16 with Intent to
evaluate importance of several factors in the non linear static
analysis which includes time period, displacement, base shear etc.
Performance may relate the strength level achieved in certain
members to the lateral displacement at the top of the structure, or
bending moment may be plotted against plastic rotation. Results
provide insight into the ductile capacity of the structural system,
and indicate the mechanism, load level, and deflection at which
failure occurs.
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45 |
Seismic Pounding Analysis between Adjacent Buildings to
Achieve More Safety towards Earthquakes
Bottu.Shiva Kumar, Vallepu Vishnu Vardhan
Abstract — Insufficient separation distance between adjacent
buildings during strong earthquakes would probably result into
striking of the buildings and subsequently create an excessive
dynamic force called pounding. It produces undesirable forces
resulting in large displacements, local damage and possible failure
of the entire structure. Among the possible structural damages,
seismic induced pounding has been commonly observed in several
earthquakes. This project aims at studying seismic pounding effect
between adjacent buildings by linear and nonlinear dynamic
analysis using ETABS (Non Linear) computer program. A detailed
parametric study is carried out to investigate the effect of various
parameters on the structural pounding by Response Spectrum
(Linear Dynamic) Analysis for medium soil at zone Vand Time
History (Non-Linear Dynamic) Analysis for Bhuj earthquake
recorded excitation on different models with varying separation
distances. Pounding produces acceleration and shear at various
storey levels that are greater than those obtained from the no
pounding case, while the peak drift depends on the input excitation
characteristics. Also, increasing gap width is likely to be effective
when the separation is sufficiently wide practically to eliminate
contact. Finally the resultsare observed to study the effect of
structural displacementsand pounding forces between two adjacent
buildings.
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46 |
Experimental Study of Strengthening of RC Continuous
Beam using FRP Composites
C.Uma Maheswar Reddy, Vallepu Vishnu Vardhan
Abstract — Strengthening structures via external bonding of
advanced fiber reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite is becoming
very popular worldwide during the past decade because it provides
a more economical and technically superior alternative to the
traditional techniques in many situations as it offers high strength,
low weight, corrosion resistance, high fatigue resistance, easy and
rapid installation and minimal change in structural geometry.
Although many in situ RC beams are continuous in construction,
there has been very limited research work in the area of FRP
strengthening of continuous beams. In the present study an
experimental investigation is carried out to study the behavior of
continuous RC beams under static loading. The beams are
strengthened with externally bonded glass fiber reinforced polymer
(GFRP) sheets. Different scheme of strengthening have been
employed. The program consists of fourteen continuous (two-span)
beams with overall dimensions equal to(152×305×2300) mm. The
beams are grouped into two series labeled S1 and S2 and each
series have different percentage of steel reinforcement. One beam
from each series (S1 and S2) was not strengthened and was
considered as a control beam, whereas all other beams from both
the series were strengthened in various patterns with externally
bonded GFRP sheets. The present study examines the responses of
RC continuous beams, in terms of failure modes, enhancement of
load capacity and load deflection analysis. The results indicate that
the flexural strength of RC beams can be significantly increased by
gluing GFRP sheets to the tension face. In addition, the epoxy
bonded sheets improved the cracking behavior of the beams by
delaying the formation of visible cracks and reducing crack widths
at higher load levels. The experimental results were validated by
using finite element method.
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47 |
A Survey on Various Techniques used for
Enhancing Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)
Lifetime
K.Nithyadevi, S.RadhaPriya
Abstract — Improving lifetime of Wireless Sensor
Network is the most critical problem. The major
cause of this problem is the limited energy resources.
In WSN, sensor nodes are randomly located with
battery power. These sensor nodes transmit the
information through the network by monitoring,
detecting and analyzing the physical phenomenon.
While transmitting the information, the energy give
up by each node gets increases. So it is required to
minimize the energy consumption of nodes which
probably maximizes the network lifetime. There were
various techniques developed for extending the
network lifetime. This paper provides detailed
information about those techniques.
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48 |
Lossless Image Compression using Discrete Cosine
Transform Algorithm
Pooja Jain, Divyanshu Rao, Ravimohan
Abstract — Cameras are nowadays being provided with more and
more megapixels to improve the quality of captured images.
With improvement in image quality, size of the image file also
increases. Due to speed limitation of the Internet, it takes more
time to upload good-quality images that are of bigger sizes. A
user needs to compress the image without degrading its quality.
Mobile manufacturers need algorithms in their cameras that
enable storing the images in reduced sizes without degrading
their quality.
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49 |
A Novel Energy Aware Clustering for Multilevel
Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks
Pawan k Malviya, Santosh Kushwaha, Yogesh Rai
Abstract — In Wireless Sensor Network, the energy efficiency is
the key issue for designing the protocol because sensor nodes
have one time battery backup. There are many modern protocols
which extend the lifetime of the wireless sensor network by
efficiently using battery power of the sensor node. In this paper,
we propose a Novel Energy Aware Clustering for Multilevel
Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network. We analyze and
compare the performance and results of modern protocols like
LEACH, SEP, ESEP, TEEN and EDDEEC with proposed work.
The simulation result shows that performance and throughput of
our proposed work gives the effective and significant energy
efficiency as well as more network lifetime compared to other
protocols.
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50 |
Implementation and Design of FIR Filter by Window
Technique
Anand Prakash Gupta, Dr.G.D Gidwani, Aastha hajari
Abstract — The digital signal processing has become an
extremely important subject. A fundamental aspect of digital
signal processing is filtering. The input signal has a great
influence on the performance of the system in digital control
system. Processing of input signal is important to get useful
signal. In the processing of digital signal Finite impulse
response (FIR) filter plays an important role. Using Matlab
the FIR filter is designed and simulated. Different methods
like frequency sampling, window function and convex
optimization technique are processed using Matlab in the
design of FIR filter. By comparing the signal’s amplitudefrequency
diagrams which have been generated the filtering
effect of different digital filters are analyzed by using FIR
digital filters which are designed to process the input signal
based on the Matlab function. This paper shows the
experimental results show the FIR filters designed.
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51 |
Analysis on HDL Simulation & MatLab for DWT
Shailendra Chouhan, Devesh Kishore, Aastha Hajari
Abstract — The discrete wavelet transform (dwt) technique
commonly used for data and image compression. This paper
shown an approach for the comparison between hdl simulation
and matlab tool which are used in the image compression field.
dwt algorithm is designed in hdl simulation which is verilog hdl
language using the filter method for the image compression.
daubechies (db2) tap filter is used in this design and the
coefficients of daubechies filters for the dwt technique are fixed.
results of hdl simulation and matlab tool are compared and it is
found that the intensity of the compressed image using matlab
tool is higher than that of hdl simulation.
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52 |
Implementation of Multi Level Converter Based DSTATCOM
For Reactive Power Compensation and Harmonics
Reduction
T.Poornima, S.B.S.Viswanadh
Abstract — Modern power systems are of complex
networks, where hundreds of generating stations and
thousands of load centres are interconnected through
long power transmission and distribution networks.
Even though the power generation is fairly reliable, the
quality of power is not always so reliable. Power
distribution system should provide with an
uninterrupted flow of energy at smooth sinusoidal
voltage at the contracted magnitude level and frequency
to their customers. Power system especially distribution
systems, have numerous nonlinear loads, which
significantly affect the quality of power. Shunt
compensation for medium voltage distribution systems
requires higher rating for voltage source converters
(VSCs). Ratings of the semiconductor devices in a VSC
are always limited; therefore, for higher rated
converters it is desirable to distribute the stress among
the number of devices using multilevel topology.
Cascaded multilevel configuration of the inverter has
the advantage of its simplicity and modularity over the
configurations of the diode-clamped and flying
capacitor multilevel inverters. Application of cascaded
multilevel converters for shunt compensation of
distribution systems has been described in Literature.
This paper presents an investigation of five-Level
Cascaded H – bridge (CHB) Inverter as Distribution
Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) in Power System
(PS) for compensation of reactive power and harmonics.
The advantages of CHB inverter are low harmonic
distortion, reduced number of switches and suppression
of switching losses. A CHB Inverter is considered for
shunt compensation of a 11 kV distribution system.
Finally a phase shifted PWM (PSPWM) technique is
adopted to investigate the performance of CHB
Inverter. The results are obtained through
Matlab/Simulink software package. The proposed
DSTATCOM is simulated for nonlinear loads.
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