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Sr/No/ |
Title |
Pdf |
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1 |
Design and Analysis of Elevator Control System
Using PLC
Kalaiselvi D, Ravibabu B
Abstract —This paper mainly focuses on using
programmable logic controller to control the circuit
and building the elevator model. Hall Effect sensor is
used for the elevator position. DC Motor is used to
control the up and down movement of the elevator
car. Push buttons are used to call the elevator car.
The elevator position is described by using the display
unit. In this paper, Auto Station Software ladder logic
program is used for four floors control system.
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2 |
Forecasting Bus Arrival Time Using GPS and
GSM with Cell Tower Sequencing
P.Nivetha, T.Vigneswari
Abstract—The bus arrival time is the key information to most city
transport travellers. The excessive long waiting time at bus stops
discourages or disappoints the travelers and makes them
unwilling to take buses. A bus arrival time prediction system
based on GSM and GPS using Cell Tower Sequence Matching is
presented. When the Bus moves, our systems predicts the bus
travelling route using cell towers located nearby and estimate the
time to reach the destination and then alerts the user who waits
at the bus stop or at anywhere by developing an android
platform based mobile application. If there is any delay due to
traffic or any other situation, the system re-intimates the user
with the new waiting time with the help of two factor delay
evaluation technique. The user gets services about bus arrival
time through their mobile phone. Also, the proposed solution is
more generally available and energy friendly.
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3 |
Literature Survey on Implementation of Highway
Driving Automation and accident detection severity
system
P Parthasaradhy, K.Manjunathachari
Abstract—The integration of Information and
communication technologies with embedded system has
given a new technological world. The service of Ad hoc
Networks (Wireless Sensor Networks) for the society is
an important aspect and can be possible with only the
integrated environment of interdisciplinary
technologies. All the remote technologies are assisting
people in safety manner. Artificial Intelligence and
Intelligent Transportation system also one of the service
of Ad hoc networks. This paper presents about the
literature survey on various Highway Driving
Automation and accident detection severity system
implementations. The objective of this literature is to
have sufficient knowledge to build highly automated
system with traffic rules, human rules and system rules;
intelligent speed adaptation system and Lane keep
assistance with changing functionalities. Finally to
achieve safe driving and reduce accidents.
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4 |
Dielectric and Electrical Properties of Double Doped Barium
Titanate
R.K. Sharma
Abstract—Coarse grained ceramic of pure BaTiO3 having grain
size 20-50 μm, show εr ≈ 1500-2000 at room temperature. Several
other investigators observed higher values εr ≈ 3500-4000 in
dense, fine-grained BaTiO3 ceramic having 1 μm grain size. By
adding oxide group softeners, hardeners and stabilizers one can
modify the properties of BaTiO3 ceramic. Dielectric results show
that all the compositions have TC at 130 °C for all measured
frequencies, but magnitude of dielectric constant was found to be
highly dependent on doping and frequency of measurement. In
this paper we have reported the effect of double doping on
structural and dielectric properties of BaTiO3.
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5 |
Attitude of parents towards sex education in
schools in relation to their level of
education and profession
Tina
Abstract-This study was conducted to evaluate
the attitude of parents towards sex education in
schools in relation to their level of education and
profession. The objectives of the study are to
study the attitude of parents belonging to
teaching profession and medical profession
towards sex education, to study the attitude of
graduate and post graduate parents towards sex
education, to study the attitude of graduate and
post graduate parents having teaching profession
towards sex education, to study the attitude of
graduate and post graduate parents having
medical profession towards sex education.
Descriptive survey method was used in this study
to know the attitude of parents towards sex
education. The sample of the study included 200
parents, 100 from teaching profession and 100
from medical profession selected by using
stratified random sampling from Amritsar city.
Self prepared scale was used for the study. For
the purpose of drawing out the result the
investigator used statistical techniques like t-test,
mean and standard deviation. It is concluded
that there exists no significant difference in
attitude of parents belonging to teaching
profession and medical profession, significant
difference in attitude of graduate and post
graduate parents towards sex education, no
significant difference in attitude of graduate and
post graduate parents having teaching
profession, no significant difference in attitude of
graduate and post graduate parents having
medical profession towards sex education in
schools.
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6 |
Transistor Level Representation of 8 Bit NCL Based
Adder
QCA
J.Asha jenova, C.Reginamary
Abstract -Null Convention Logic (NCL) has the main
advantage of Delay insensitivity and Low Power when
compared with other asynchronous VLSI design
methodologies. The paper proposes the design and
implementation of 8bit exponent adder using the Null
Convention Logic (NCL) asynchronous design. The 8
bit exponent adder developing a transistor level design
and using static version of NCL gates. Exponent adder
plays a significant role of adding the exponents during
the process of multiplication of floating point numbers.
The design is simulated in VHDL using 1.8V 0.18μm
TSMC CMOS NCL process libraries. The transistor
level design is simulated and implemented using 2.5V
0.25μm CMOS process. The proposed NCL 8 bit
Exponent adder when compared with the equivalent
synchronous version in terms of average delay, power
and area.
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7 |
Enhancement Of Power Quality In Distributed Generation
Resources Through Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm
Nikhila Emerson, S. Srinivasan
Abstract-To optimize the utilization of large PV modules,
maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is generally employed in
combination with a power converter. The MPPT scheme ensures
that the system can always yield maximum power generated by
the PV system irrespective of change in environmental conditions.
In view of the fact that the power–voltage (P–V) characteristic
curve varies nonlinearly with solar irradiations, tracking
maximum power point is a great confront. This paper proposes
an artificial bee colony algorithm for global maximum power
point tracking. Micro grid usually consists of multiple distributed
generation units interfaced to the system through power
electronic inverters. Usage of power electronic inverters results in
harmonic generation and leads to power quality issues. In the
proposed method multiple photo voltaic arrays are considered.
When PV arrays are partially shaded there is failure in finding
global maximum power point. Using artificial bee colony
algorithm maximum power point can be tracked and this is given
as duty cycle to boost converter to boost voltage. Hence voltage
fluctuations can be minimized and there by power quality can be
enhanced. The proposed method has been simulated using
MATLAB/SIMULINK in power system block set.
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8 |
Highly Throughput DAB/DAB+ Codec With Adaptive
Compression Scheme
P.Srinivasan, R.Anandh
Abstract-This paper explores the latter strategy.In this
paper we make the following contributions. First, we
propose four lossless, reversible transformations that
can be applied to text: star-encoding (or *-encoding),
length-preserving transform (LPT), reverse lengthpreserving
transform (RLPT), and shortened-context
length-preserving transform (SCLPT).
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9 |
A Reconfigurable CIS Based On Background Image
Subtraction Method Using Gaussian Mixture Model
S.Arunpradhapsingh, V.Sanjivee
Abstract-Digital CMOS Image Sensor (CIS) are an attractive
emerging technology. It is possible to use digital cameras, web
cameras, handset cameras and other imaging system. This paper
considers a reconfigurable CIS based on background image
subtraction method using Gaussian mixture model. We were
presented an efficient reconfigurable CIS in existing system. So
we are going to use the same architecture with error in pixel and
without error in pixel. By using that we had observed two types
of image. One image is created by CIS architecture with non
error in pixel, in which we can’t identity and error on the image
but the image were created by the architecture with error in
pixel. The error can be found on the image by using background
image subtraction and Gaussian mixture models. Modified
guided filter for image sensors also introduced to get the input of
the CMOS image sensor (CIS). In this method gives the good
SNR, dynamic range and high fill factor and also we can easily
identify error on the pixel.
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10 |
Study of Online Shopping In Ghaziabad and Noida Region
– A Customer Perspective
Ritesh Singhal, Ankit Garg
Abstract─ The Internet is a global medium which works as the
most subversive marketing tool to increase interest and
attractiveness rapidly. Today it seems to be the most
prominent and convenient way to shop online as it reduces
time of shopping, reduces shipping cost, saves energy, less
crowd and less queues than offline retail store. Online
shopping becomes an alternative tool of shop as it saves time
of visiting the stores. In addition to this it is a great challenge
for online retailers to make customer shop online. Since
internet helps to reduce the cost of product and service
delivery by reducing the geographical boundaries between
seller and buyer so it gives a great potential in this area. This
study is moved around to recognize the factors that sway
consumers towards online shopping in Ghaziabad and Noida
region. The study focused on the variables like problems faced
by consumers, risk in financial transactions, accuracy,
identity theft, lack of trust on vendors, originality of product,
best online shopping site. We use likert scale to check the level
of agreement of the consumers towards above variables. The
findings of our study shows that the above factors influence
the customers towards online shopping and risk of financial
transactions and identity theft are the main factors that
effects more towards online shopping.
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11 |
Smart Authentication in Wireless Mesh Network
Using FSASD
C.Janaranjani, M.Sudha
Abstract - Distributed mesh sensor networks provide
cost-effective communications for deployment in
various smart grid domains, such as home area
networks (HAN), neighbourhood area networks
(NAN), and substation/plant-generation local area
networks. In proposed work they have proved that
their algorithm provides security and overcome dos
attack, but not completely overcome. Existing may
lead to overhead problem and authentication delay
.To solve this problem we can enhance this Merkletree
based authentication scheme with FSASD, a
novel framework for establishing security associations
in sequentially deployed WMNs. Our proposal
overcomes the bootstrapping problem of many other
key management proposals for WMNs including the
current draft standard 802.11s. As opposed to the
draft standard our proposal reduces the influence of
compromised mesh routers on the overall security of
the mesh to a minimum and protects mesh clients
from curious and malicious routing MCs. In addition,
our framework enables secure and efficient
handovers of mesh clients and mesh routers based on
the new 4-way handshake protocol.
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12 |
Analytical CRM for Customer Likelihood
Identification in Retail Sectors Supported by Data
Mining Model
J.Vijaykumar, K.Iyyakutti
Abstract- Customer relationship management (CRM)
has not ever been as helpful for companies as it is
nowadays. The company’s competitive operating
environment forces the company to adopt customer
centered strategies for all customer related
management. The technological advancements occurred
in recent years have enabled companies to maintain
databases with customers. This favors any company to
apply the data mining techniques for extracting the
required knowledge from these databases thereby
gaining competitive advantage as well as to remain at
the leading edge. Data mining tools search the data base
maintained by the companies in order to predict the
hidden patterns and present them in form of a model.
Strategic decisions regarding the customers can be
taken with the help of these models. Many data mining
algorithms have been presented by the researchers to
extract patterns in data for successful CRM approach.
Each of these approaches has their own merits and
demerits either in the way they search the database or
the extracted knowledge from the database. In this
article, we have suggested that the data mining
technique named k-means clustering can be applied to
analyze customer’s preference over retail shop products
(Men’s exclusive wear). Here K-means clustering
method is used to discover knowledge that come from
CRM system. This study will help the retail shop to
identify the customer’s preference over different brands, customer’s willingness to adopt to a new
product and improve the product selling strategies.
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13 |
Design a Processor Using Reversible Logic Technique
I.Ilammathi1, K.Prasanna
Abstract— Reversible logic has presented itself as a prominent
Technology which plays an imperative role in Quantum
Computing. This reversible gates which are applicable in Nano
technology, Quantum computing, Low power CMOS, Optical
computing.
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14 |
Efficient Time Synchronization for Underwater Wireless
Sensor Networks
R.Janani, M.Prabhu
Abstract— Underwater acoustic communications which utilizes
acoustic waves to transmit information has been widely studied
and implemented in the past decades. However, the channel
bandwidth of underwater acoustic links is typical limited to kHz
since the sound is decayed in the ocean proportionally to its
frequency. And the lower propagation speed typically 1500 m/s
leads to a large time delay for acoustic system. Meanwhile, the
multipath reflection of sound may cause signal fading and
security issues. As the frequently activities of oceanic exploitation
recently, the acoustic method is not able to meet the requirements
of large data and high data communications.
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15 |
An Approach of Data Aggregation Using Wireless Networks
with Filtering Attacker’s Impact
S. Sasi Rekha, J.Rakesh
Abstract— In this paper were WSN’S are increasingly used in
several real-world applications [1]–[4], such as wild habitat
monitoring, volcano and fire monitoring, urban sensing, and
military surveillance. In most cases, the sensor nodes form a
multi-hop network while the base station (BS) acts as the central
point of control.
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16 |
FEA Analysis of Leaf Spring of light weight vechical
Using ANSYS
Utkarsh Singh, Anshul Choudhary
Abstract— Leaf springs are widely used in automobile
and in railway. This work involves design and analysis
of a conventional leaf spring dynamic loading
conditions. The 3D model is prepared in Autodesk
Inventor, and then analysis is performed in the ANSYS
13.0. For the cost reduction in existing leaf spring
modification carried out by iteration method
considering three materials i.e. Steel, Composites like
glass epoxy, and Jute Epoxy. The optimization has been
carried out to satisfy the permissible value of factor of
safety.
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17 |
Non Repeating Test Pattern Generator with State
Transition Fault Analysis Using FSM
M.Durga, K.Prithviraj
Abstract-BIST is a circuit that has the ability of logic
to verify a failure-free status automatically, without
the need for externally applied test stimuli (other than
power and clock), and without the need for the logic to
be part of a running system. It’s implementation
increases the accuracy of VLSI chip that makes the
design efficient. BIST techniques employ on-chip test
generation and response verification; therefore the
need for expensive external testing equipment is
reduced. Furthermore, with BIST at-speed testing can
be achieved; thus, the quality of the delivered ICs is
increased. Exhaustive test generators provide for
complete fault coverage without the need for fault
simulation or deterministic test pattern generation.
Exhaustive generator uses LFSR to generate test
patterns up to 2k patterns for K bits, needs a complex
RAM to store up the patterns. It makes the chip size
larger and increase the area with high power
consumption. Here we propose a alternative method
Pseudo-exhaustive pattern generators for built-in selftest
(BIST) provide high fault coverage of detectable
combinational faults with much fewer test vectors than
exhaustive generation. It contains two binary counters
to generate patterns and test the circuit. Here we need
a simple RAM design which consume fewer areas and
consume very low power. The main objective is to design non repeating test generator in order to reduce
delay coverage and increases speed.
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18 |
Design and Emulation of Raspberry Pi based eLearning
System in Linux Computer
Navaneetha Krishnan V, Satheesh A
Abstract— Raspberry Pi is an ARM11 processor based credit
card-sized, single board computer that can be used as a web
server for any small eLearning applications in educational
institutions or corporates for resource management on training
and development. Normally the educational institutions rely on
the bulk server based eLearning platform for making the
learning environment with their own management system or
through open source content management systems (CMS's) like
Drupal, Wordpress or Joomla, etc. This paper proposes an
alternative strategy for implementing eLearning environment
with Raspberry Pi OS. For the implementation purposes the
raspbian OS is installed in linux computer's QEMU machine
emulator, is used to visualize the progress and results.
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19 |
Gesture Based Authentication
K.Venkata Sandeep Kumar, N. Mani Manjusha, M. Kameswara rao
Abstract-To improvise the security of mobile devices by using
the most user friendly gestures with biometric features. On
flexible devices like mobile phones the security is maintained
by the help of the user interacted gestures? Security is
obtained by rejecting the wrong gestures to login the phone.
The input mobility of the device is the gesture given by the
user. Present using pass word technologies are PINS,
PATTERNS, and GESTURES. Though these many locking
systems are present the most user selected is of less security
(can access without user presence). The security can be
improvising the gestures by using the bio metric techniques.
These gestures with the bio metric techniques gives the easy
remembering of pass word and the best security by
considering some of the bio metric features. As this
technology deals with the very efficient properties like
Location of Gesture, Edge on which the gesture is performed,
Speed of input, Duration of the bend etc., they also include the
decision making access to the user based on finger prints or
touch variances of each person.
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20 |
Data Forwarding Mechanism in MANET using Selfish
Nodes
S.D.Bhopale, N.P.Chawande
Abstract- An Adhoc network is a group of wireless nodes that cooperatively
form a network independent of fixed infrastructure
or centralized administration. The previous system uses the
reputation based and credit based approach to enforce cooperation
among non-co-operative nodes in wireless Adhoc
networks. The previous solutions are context based ones which
need to accurately identify selfish nodes, and punish the selfish
nodes. From a completely new angle a context free protocol to
enforce co-operation among selfish nodes which has the ability to
transmit a packet over the path successfully without the
dependency on the information of other packets transmission.
The enhanced context free mechanism is based on the context
free protocol considering that every node in the network is
rational, during the packet sending stage. If the intermediate
nodes not clearly tell whether the packet is destined to them or
not. They cannot drop the packet. The simulation results show
that protocol gives high throughput and low packet delivery
ratio.
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21 |
A Review Approach on Content Based Image Retrieval
Techniques for Natural Image Retrieval
S.Govindaraju, G.P.Ramesh Kumar
Abstract-Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) is the
technique for data retrieval especially images from a broad
collection of database. The CBIR development requirement is
increased due to growth in the images as well as the well-known
application in multiple fields. The common behavior to represent
and index the images is color, texture, shape and spatial layout.
Since the multimedia technologies development and network are
very popular nowadays, the users with the standard retrieval
techniques are not satisfied. Research: The content based image
retrieval is required for retrieving the particular query. For
retrieving the relevant images which meets the information
needed by the user, an automated search is introduced for the
images having the similar features. Motivation: The main
motivation for developing the effective CBIR images arises due to
the necessity for exploring the growing images. Several models
and algorithms for image retrieval are developed for past twenty
years. The survey is analyzed, compared and discussed the
techniques of content based image retrieval.
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22 |
Detect Sybil Community Region in Social Network
S.Nithya
Abstract-A Sybil defense mechanism that leverages the
network topologies to defend against Sybil attacks in
social networks. Based on performing a limited number
of random walks within the social graphs, Sybil
Defender is efficient and scalable to large social
networks. Sybil Defender can effectively identify the
Sybil nodes and detect the Sybil community around a
Sybil node, even when the number of Sybil nodes
introduced by each attack edge is close to the
theoretically detectable lower bound. We propose two
approaches to limiting the number of attack edges in
online social networks.
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23 |
A Study of Cryptography Algorithms used for Information
Security
Tanu, Rupali Malhotra
Abstract-In today's rapidly changing world, security is
of great concern. As the Internet becomes an
increasingly important means of conducting transactions
and the volume of e-business grows exponentially, a
secure infrastructure is needed to provide
authentication, confidentiality and access control. To
perform the secure and reliable communication over the
network, there exist a number of cryptographic
approaches both symmetric and asymmetric. The survey
is done on some of the more popular and interesting
cryptography algorithms currently in use and their
advantages and disadvantages are also discussed. This
paper discusses various types of cryptography
techniques and shows the benefit of using geometry
based cryptography by using hybrid approach of
geometrical shapes for information security.
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24 |
Minimal Infrequent Itemset Mining Using FP-Growth and
Residual Trees
Nandhini S, Yogesh Prabhu M, S.Gunasekaran
Abstract— Data mining is the analysis of (often large)
observational data sets to find unsuspected relationships and to
summarize the data in novel ways that are both understandable
and useful to the data owner. Data mining is an interdisciplinary
field bringing together techniques from machine learning,
pattern recognition, statistics, databases, and visualization to
address the issue of information extraction from large data bases.
The most common data mining tasks are Description, Estimation,
Prediction, Classification, Clustering, and Association. In
Association the Presence of one set of items in a transaction
implies other set of items. Classification develops profiles of
different groups. Sequential Patterns identifies sequential
patterns subject to user constraints. Clustering helps segmenting
database into subsets or clusters.
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25 |
Underwater Image Enhancement using Unique
Combination of HSV Stretching and Filter
Madhuri Puranam, Santosh chauhan
Abstract -Underwater environments generally cause colour
cast or colour scatter while photography. Colour scatter is due
to haze effects appearing when light reflected from thing
which absorbed or may be scattered several times by particles
of water. This cause lowers the visibility and less contrast of
the image. Colour cast is due to the varying attenuation of
light in various wavelengths, and this is cause underwater
environments bluish. To mention distortion from Colour
scatter and Colour cast, this paper proposes a method to
reconstruct underwater images that which is a combination of
a Affine Combination of Stretching and Filter (ACSF). One
has to determine the distance between the objects and the
camera using dark channel prior, then haze effects cause by
Colour scatter can be removed by the de-hazing algorithm.
Next, one has to estimation the photography scene depth using
residual energy ratios for each. According to the attenuation
of every wavelength, reverse compensation conducted to
restore all distortion from Colour cast.
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26 |
DWT and SVD based Secure Data Communication
AvtarPatel , Amit Mishra, Richa Shrivastava
Abstract—In this paper we propose a new
steganography technique which embeds the secret
messagesinfrequencydomain.Accordingtodifferentuse
rs’demandsontheembeddingcapacity and image
quality, the proposed algorithm is divided into two
modes and 5 cases.
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27 |
Multilayer IMAGE Enhancement METHOD USING
Interpolation, starching and Filter
Nitin, Amit Mishra, Richa Shrivastava
Abstract—In computer graphics, image interpolation is the
process of resizing a digital image. Interpolation is a nontrivial
process that involves enhancement in sense of
efficiency, smoothness and sharpness.
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28 |
A DSP processor design with modified Super
Harvard and Mitchell multiplication
Abhishek Thakur, Vivek Dudey
Abstract—Proposed paper work concept comes after
thinking and deep study of all these methods of
enhancing processor performance and proposing a
new DSP microprocessor architecture and it has FSM
and some instruction set (big instruction set which
better for various applications) and RISC kind of
feature like executing every instruction in one cycle.
Paper work has use Xilinx ISE 12.2 ISE software for
designing all modules and each module has been
tested and verified with all possible instruction which
are been supported by proposed design. The proposed
architecture of processor requires less area and
higher speed as compare with the existing
architecture available, it has certain limit that cannot
work with medium or sophisticated scale application
or it can say it is not suitable for OS based
application. As the design core processor is been for
small scale non OS based applications which are very
common in Microcontroller.
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29 |
Broadcast Disks Model for Efficient Performance and
Scalability in Asymmetric Communication
Environments
K. Srikanth, P.V. Kumar, S. Krishna Mohan Rao
Abstract—As the mobile technologies playing good role
in communication and mobile computing gains more
popularity. Providing ubiquitous access to clients is a
challenge issue in asymmetric environment. To meet
this issue we used Broadcast disks model to increase
performance and scalability in Asymmetric
Communication Environments.
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30 |
Traditional Ecological Knowledge of Farmers of
Uttarakhand
R.K. Sharma
Abstract—The present research work on Traditional Ecological
Knowledge (TEK) of Uttarakhand is study which explores
scientifically the traditional practices of people with natural
resources, their utilization, maintenance and conservation which
needs preservation, upliftment, and further research in order to
achieve sustainability. The body of knowledge is based on
experience gained through centuries by indigenous people of
Uttarakhand which has transmitted through generation and
generation. The broader dimension of traditional knowledge,
which is documented here, are traditional practices in
agro-horticultural system, traditional practices in soil-erosion
control, traditional water management system, and traditional
medical practices. It was found that Uttarakhandi agrarian
people have enough experience based knowledge which has been
explored with keen observation and analysis. If the knowledge
base will be explored independently, uplifted, preserved and
integrated with modem technology it would perform more better
which will lead to sustainable environment for living a
prosperous life.
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31 |
A Review on Sign Recognition and Classification
Approaches
Kanika, Rupali Malhotra
Abstract—Sign language is having its significance to perform
the communication for deaf and mute community. Sometimes,
these signs can be used to pass the communication in critical
situations when voice communication is not possible. Sign
language is composed of gesture which is formed by the
movement of hand, arm or facial expression. Sign language is
not a universal language as it vary from region to region .ISL
(Indian sign language) used in India, ASL (American Sign
Language) etc. To understand such communication in
automated way there is the requirement of human computer
interaction for sign language. These systems are designed to
substitute the requirement of interpreters. In this paper a
survey on various sign language recognition methods is done.
Generalised model of Sign Language recognition system
consists of two phase: - Training Phase and Testing Phase.
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32 |
A Survey on Network Attacks in Wireless Networks
Shelly Sachdeva, Rupali Malhotra
Abstract— With the growing pace of Internet and network technology
day by day, the security threats are also increasing for the
users, due to lot of information flow on the network. Wireless
networks are preferred over wired networks due to their cost
effectiveness and ease of use. Wireless networks are being used in
many commercial and military applications to collect event driven
and real time data. One of the major challenges wireless networks
face today is security. This very air-borne nature of
WLANs opens it to intruders and attacks that can come from
any direction. WLAN traffic travels over radio waves that cannot
be constrained by the walls of a building. As a result of this, intruders
and would-be hackers can potentially access the network
from the parking lot or across the street. In this paper, we analyse
the fundamental security challenges and constraints of these
networks, classify several possible attacks and survey several
intrusion prevention, detection and response mechanisms found
in the literature.
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33 |
An Approach towards Segmentation of Real Time
Handwritten Text
Apash Roy, N. R. Manna
Abstract—Segmentation of real time handwritten text is
always a challenging task since long. Complexity
increases with the presence of connected characters in
the text. This work proposes a technique to segment real
time English handwritten text containing connected
characters through finding location of connection
points. The system segments a text into lines, words,
and characters, which consists of singular characters
and/or multiple connected characters. Multiple
connected characters are segmented by finding
connection points between the characters using the
developed technique. Finally, the system normalizes the
extracted characters to a standard format in order to
identify them through some character recognizer.
Experiment with the system shows efficient accuracy in
character recognition.
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34 |
An Improvisation of Security in Leach Protocol
through Homomorphic Encryption
Shikha Devi, Arvind Grewal
Abstract—Encryption schemes that support operations
over cipher text are of utmost importance for wireless
sensor networks & especially in LEACH protocol. The
salient limit of LEACH is energy.0020.
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35 |
Efficient Dynamic Round Robin CPU
Scheduling Algorithm
Meenakshi Saini, Navdeep Kumar
Abstract—CPU Scheduling is one of the fundamental
concepts of Operating System. Round Robin (RR) CPU
scheduling algorithm is optimal CPU scheduling
algorithm in timeshared systems. The performance of
the CPU depends on the selection of time quantum in
timeshared systems. The time quantum taken in RR
algorithm is static that decreases the performance of
CPU. In this paper selection of time quantum is
discussed and a new CPU scheduling algorithm for
timeshared systems is proposed and is called as EDRR
(Efficient Dynamic Round Robin) algorithm. The
objective of this paper is to make a change in round
robin CPU scheduling algorithm so that the
performance of CPU can be improved. EDRR also
includes advantages of round robin CPU scheduling
algorithm of less chance of starvation. Round robin
CPU scheduling algorithm has high context switch
rates, large response time, large waiting time, large
turnaround time and less throughput, these
disadvantages can be improved with new proposed CPU
scheduling algorithm. In this paper analysis of number
of context switches, the average waiting time and the
average turnaround time of processes in round robin
CPU scheduling algorithm, SRBRR (Shortest
Remaining Burst Round Robin), ISRBRR (Improved
Shortest Remaining Burst Round Robin) and new
proposed EDRR CPU scheduling algorithm has been
done.
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36 |
An Efficient Secure Architecture for Scan Based Attacks
Removing Technique Using T-Algorithm
Priyadharshika P, Jyothi A, Sheebha B
Abstract—The testing architecture mainly used in all type of
real world application architectures and thus the architecture to
modified based on the enhancement purpose. The VLSI
technology to optimize the any type of testing architecture. So the
modification process used to the VLSI technology. The Talgorithm
technique to optimize the testing architecture.
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37 |
Operating System Ported Embedded System with
WIFI Direct Functionality
P.Elango, S.Sellam
Abstract—Peer-peer is a new technology enhancing
direct device to device communications in Wi-Fi. Thus,
given the wide base of devices with Wi-Fi capabilities
.This technology is expected to have a significant
impact. In this article we provide a thorough overview
of the novel functionalities defined in Wi-Fi Direct, and
present an experimental evaluation that portrays the
performance to be expected in real scenarios.
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38 |
Security enhancement in Image Steganography
A Matlab approach
M. Kameswara Rao, K.Pradeep Reddy, K.Eepsita Saranya
Abstract—Steganography helps in communication of secured
data in several carries like images, videos and audio. It
undergoes many useful applications and well known for ill
intentions. It was mainly proposed for the security techniques in
the increase of computational power, in order to have security
awareness like individuals, groups, agencies etc. The factors that
are separated from cryptography and water making are data is
not detectable; capacity of hidden data is unknown and
robustness of medium. The steganography provides different
methods existing and guidelines. The current technology of
image steganography involves techniques of LSB in image
domain but once the attacker acknowledges that medium is
containing embedded data he will attack the medium and breaks
into the secured content. In this paper, we are discussing how to
protect the steganography image by embedding it into another
medium using mat lab. Here we work on image matrices to
perform the steganography. Lightness adjustment on the matrix
is done to reduce the brighter pixels in image. The lightness
decreased image then embedded into another cover image by
matrix difference technique (will be discussed in detail). This
enhances the security to a higher level because to acquire the
steganography image embedded we need to have the key image,
which will be having only by the receiver. In addition, from
millions of images on the internet it is impossible for an attacker
to guess the key image. Moreover, this enhances the level of
security.
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39 |
Performance Evaluation of TFH-PPM with UWB Channel
Using LDPC Code
P.Murugeswari, S.Ruth Karunya, S.JanardhanaPrabhu
Abstract—To increase the multiuser capacity of UWB channel
using TFH-PPM with LDPC code. Methodology: Single band
UWB that is time and frequency hopping technique is used to
randomizing the multi access capability without
interference.The TFH-PPM modulation which adapts its
number of time and frequency hops depending on the required
bit error rate and increase the multiuser capacity. The proposed
system is used to achieve fast,secure communication and
increase the multiuser capacity.
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40 |
Wireless Sensor Networks: An Overview
Akhand Pratap Singh, Devesh Pratap Singh, Santosh Kumar, Ajit Singh Negi, Sashank Singh
Abstract—Wireless Sensor Networks can be generally described
as a network of nodes that cooperatively sense and may control
the environment enabling interaction between persons or
computers and the surrounding environment. Wireless sensor
networks are widely used in military surveillance, industrial
process control and environmental monitoring. Here we are
discussing deferent types of WSNs and different types of security
threat attacks and localization techniques. Attacks and Node
localization is one of the key problem of wireless sensor networks
applications.
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41 |
Support Vector Machine for Video
Background Subtraction
Audhavan.S, Amsavalli, Rajini Girinath.D
Abstract— The important feature of detecting the moving
objects in videos is Background subtraction. The main process
involved in the background is the foreground detection.
However, many algorithms usually neglect the fact that the
background images consist of different objects whose
conditions may change frequently. In this paper, a hierarchical
background model is proposed based on segmenting the
background images. It first segments the background images
into several regions by the Support Vector Machine. Then, a
hierarchical model is built with the region models and pixel
models. The region model is extracted from the histogram of a
specific region which is similar to the kind of a Gaussian
mixture model. The pixel model is described by histograms of
oriented gradients of pixels in each region based on the cooccurrence
of image variations. We propose Silhouette
detection algorithm. The experimental results are carried out
with a video database to demonstrate the effectiveness, which
is applied to both static and dynamic scenes by comparing it
with some well-known background subtraction methods and
according to the experiment, the Silhouette detection method is
easy to operate and possesses high rate of accuracy, low rate of
complexity, and well adapt to different kinds of shadow
distribution.
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42 |
A Survey of Summarization on Indian Text Document
Ragini Mishra, Vipul Dalal
Abstract—Everyday enormous amount of digital documents are
generated through socials, economics and academics. Most of
documents contain massive and ambiguous data that requires
ample of time and resources to interpret the content. To
minimize the overhead of reader there is need for discovery of
knowledge rooted in such documents. This paper presents a
survey of summarization done for various Indian text documents
for languages like Hindi, Tamil, Punjabi, Assamese, Odia,
Bengali, Malayalam, Kannada and Telugu.
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43 |
Human Physiological Based Life Saving Intelligent
Transportation System
N.Mathiarasi
Abstract—Nowadays, the rate of vehicle usage is increased due to the
technology advancements in vehicles and transportation need of
public and factories. The safety of vehicle depends on the driver and
environment. The smart car is a kind of mobile robot which is an
integrated system which integrates multiple functions like
environment awareness etc. Accidents majorly occur due to
drowsiness of the driver. The proposed system is a robotic car which
enhances more road safety. The system continuously monitors the
driver’s physiological behaviors by monitoring driver’s physiological
signals such as pulse rate, heartbeat rate, thereby makes its own
decision and acts autonomously. The vehicle may have chance collide
with the other vehicles on road. If the driver is found as drowsy or
unconscious is detected, he/she is awakened by an alarm setup.
During Driver’s unconsciousness state the vehicle automatically
plans its own trajectory path and parks vehicle on road with the help
of sensors. Vehicle to vehicle communication is established to inform
the condition to nearby vehicle to avoid collision. We can monitor
the speed and location of the vehicle continuously using VB package.
Message or phone call is passed as information about the vehicle is
sent to the vehicle’s owner; it helps for the immediate rescue process
in the case of any accidents.
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44 |
A Frequency Re-configurable Inclined Slot Antenna for
Cognitive Radio
Sanjeev Sharma, Rajeev Kumar
Abstract—A frequency-reconfigurable antenna having an inclined
slot in the ground plane is proposed which is capable of switching
the frequency to eight different bands, one at a time, between the
frequency range of 3.84 GHz and 7.31 GHz. To achieve
frequency re-configurability, the length of inclined slot is varied
by use of four PIN diodes which are placed along the length of
the slot. Frequency tuning ratio of about 1.91:1 can be achieved
using this design. Results such as return losses, gain, bandwidth
and radiation patterns are presented in this paper. Comparison
of Return loss of the Inclined Slot with a Horizontal slot of
similar dimension is also been carried out.
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45 |
Simulation and Analysis of energy-efficient routing in self
organised MANET’s
P. P. Kotekar, D. G. Chougule
Abstract— This paper presents the energy-efficient routing in
self organized Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET’s). MANET’s is
a multihop network & its nodes are having limited battery power.
So because of limited power, there are less chances of achieving
energy-efficient route between source-destination pair. So
routing protocols must establish the energy-efficient route
between source-Destination pair. So we are proposing the
energy-efficient routing protocol named as PEER. By comparing
the proposed protocol with existing AODV protocol simulation
results shows that proposed protocol reduces end-to end delay,
and improves Packet Delivery Ratio by consuming less energy
compared to existing AODV protocol.
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46 |
Congestion Control in Delay Tolerant Networks Using
Cache Queue and Replication Process
A.Aishwarya, M.Govindaraj
Abstract— Delay Tolerant Networks (DTN’s) is
considered as the type of mobile networks, which an
attempt to extend the reach of networks. DTN’s
causes a discontinuous connectivity and long-lasting
disconnection. Therefore, the communications in such
type of networks become challenging issues. To
overcome this issue, store-carry-and-forward method
is used. They provide a limit buffer size, so only a few
messages can be store. It will leads to packet loss and
causes a serious congestion problem. In existing
method, a CRITIC method is used to avoid the
congestion in the networks. CRITIC method is used
to calculate the congestion factors (C (size), C (dur),
and C (num)) and produces the new metric gain
which causes the least congestion in the network. A
large buffer can store more number of messages
which probably reduces the congestion. To provide a
better network performance, a message replication
method is used which means the multiple copies of the
same message can be replicated which causes buffer
flow. In proposed method, cache queue and
replication process is used to avoid the replication
messages. The messages are temporarily stored in the
cache queue and the replicated messages are
dynamically checked by the replication process. It
will help to avoid the replication messages which
probably reduce the congestion level in the network.
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47 |
Analysis of ground water during the year 2014-15 areas
Around CBIT-VBIT campus, Proddatur, Kadapa(Dist) AP,
India
C.M.Bhaskar Reddy, C.Chandrika, K.Tejaswini, R.N.S.Praveena, U.Anusha
Abstract— A systematic study has been carried out to
explore the water quality of ground water of various
villages around cbit –vbit campus of kadapa district.
Physico-chemical studies such as, pH, dissolved oxygen,
total alkalinity, total acidity calcium and magnesium
hardness, temporary hardness ,permanent hardness and
total hardness of ground water was carried out from four
places around cbit –vbit campus during the year 2014-
15,in order to assess water quality index.. Present study
recommends that the top priority should be given to water
quality monitoring and indigenous technologies should be
adopted to make water fit for drinking after treatment.
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48 |
Stress Analysis of Tata Ace Ex Truck Chassis Using
Finite Element Method
Supreet Mahadeokar, Anshul Choudhary
Abstract— The biggest challenge in present ground
vehicle industry is to cope up with the increasing
insistent demand for higher performance, reduced
weight, and prolonged life of components, all this at a
minimum cost and in a shortest period of time. The
chassis of any vehicle is the mainstay and integrates the
main vehicle component systems such as the axles,
suspension, power train, cab and trailer. Since the
vehicles chassis is a biggest component in the vehicle
system, it is often identified for continuous
improvement. There are many industrial and domestic
sectors using this TATA ACE ex vehicle for their
transportations such as the logistics, agricultures,
factories and other industries also. To cope up to use in
certain condition the chassis should be rigid enough to
withstand the shock, twist, vibration and other stresses
generated during the working condition. Also with
strength, another important factor in chassis design is
to have optimum bending stiffness for better handling
features. So, both the maximum stress and deflection
are important criteria for the design of the chassis.
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49 |
Design of Two K-Shaped Slotted Antennas for
Dual Band Applications
R.VenkataVeeraBadra Raju, R.Krishna Kanth, P.Sudheer Chakravathi
Abstract— A compact design of two element K-shaped slot
Antenna is proposed for Multiple Input Multiple Output
(MIMO) systems. The antenna is fed by a coaxial feeding
technique printed on a dielectric substrate Rogers RT/duroid
5880(tm) with permittivity =2.2. The proposed K-shaped
slotted antenna offers good return loss and isolation
characteristics. This two element MIMO system produces
dual band of frequencies with resonating frequencies at
3.655GHz and 5.23GHz which can be used for Wi-Fi and Wi-
Max applications. The simulation results of return loss and
radiation pattern are presented in this paper.
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50 |
Design Optimization of Nozzle Shape for Maximum
Uniformity of Flow Using CFD
Sathish kumar V.S, Sreenath.N, H.V.Harish
Abstract— CFD analysis of a convergent divergent nozzle
has been conducted to understand the phenomena of
supersonic flow through it at various divergent angles and
different throat to that of inlet diameter ratio .Numerical
study has been conducted using k-ε model at different
divergence angle. Governing equations were solved using the
finite-volume method in ANSYS CFX software. The
boundary conditions were specified according to the
available experimental information. The present project is
aimed at investigating supersonic flow at different
divergence angle and different throat to that of inlet
diameter ratio, the variations in the parameters like the
Mach number, static pressure, are being analyzed and
nozzle design will be optimized. Mach number is found have
an increasing trend with increase in divergent angle there by
obtaining an optimal divergent angle. A Computational
Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software package, ANSYSCFX was
used to simulate the compressible, viscous gas flow-field in
different nozzle shapes. Here throat diameter to that of inlet
diameter has been varied and analysis has been carried out.
Based on the Mach number we are optimizing the geometry.
Further optimized geometry has been taken for analysis at
different altitude. Model and meshing has been done
through ICEM-CFD, analysis has been done by CFX and
results obtained through CFD-POST.
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51 |
Efficient Retrieval of Multimedia Data Resources
B.Manivannan, M.Ananda kumar
Abstract— Recently multimedia resources are growing rapidly.
it needs to be coordinated and processed. The multimedia
resources are organized by their semantices. Semantic
association is measured by using surrounding area of
multimedia resources. Content Based Image Retrieval takes
image and identifies the matched images based on the visual
similarity among the query image. It proposes the semantic link
network method for coordinate multimedia resources. it uses
the multimedia related application such as searching and
recommendation process. The evaluation method is taken by
cluster and retrieval is used to perform by real data set having
images. Finally it provides the efficient retrieval of images. The
goal of the process is to measure the semantic relatedness
between images accurately and robustly.
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52 |
A Comparative Study of Various Visual Cryptography
Schemes
Mangang Ngamba Nandeibam
Abstract— Security and Confidentiality is one of the most
common aspects of information technology. The secure and
effective protection of sensitive information is a primary
concerns in any scientific, military, medical and commercial
systems. This is achieved using different techniques for different
types of information. Visual cryptography is one such technique
that secures visual information, which is a very secure and
unique way to protect secrets. Visual cryptography is an
encryption technique which is used to hide and encrypt
information present in an image encrypted in such a way that the
decryption can be performed by the human visual system,
without the aid of computers. In this, images are distributed as
shares that need to be superimposed to retrieve the hidden secret
image. The intent of this paper is to study various visual
cryptography schemes and research works done on the basis of
pixel expansion, number of secret images and the merits and
demerits of each.
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53 |
Ear Authentication using Cancellable Biometrics
Kottidi Anusharao, Annapurani.K
Abstract— Biometric identification methods have proved to be
very efficient, more natural and easy for users than traditional
methods of human identification. With the rapid advancement in
technology, smart phone have become applicable and so the need
arise to solve the security challenges that are accomplished with
its operation. With location-based service (LBS) support, it can
enable convenient and implicit owner authentication system
when accessing the protected smart premise and property. The
smart phone camera is used to detect the user’s ear image for
authentication in proposed method. To represent the ear image,
the size and shape of the ear is considered. The features of ear
can be extracted by using geometrical feature extraction
methods. The proposed technique is able to detect ear of different
size and shape along with the geometrical features and efficiency
can be improved. The security of biometric data is guaranteed by
cancellable ear biometrics. Cancellable biometrics is to transform
a biometric data or feature into a new one so that users can
revoke their single biometric template in a biometric security
system. It uses bio hashing technique to store the template
securely in the database.
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54 |
An Effective Design for Region Incrementing Visual
Cryptography Scheme
Mangang Ngamba Nandeibam
Abstract— A Region Incrementing Visual Cryptography
Scheme (RIVCS) deals with the sharing of an image consisting of
multiple regions with different secrecy levels, which can be
incrementally revealed as the number of shares increases. It is a
method of encrypting a secret image into shares such that
stacking a sufficient number of shares reveals the secret image.
Shares are usually presented in transparencies. Visual
Cryptography Scheme (RIVCS) can achieve the minimum pixel
expansion and the maximal contrasts. An efficient construction
for RIVCS using linear programming is presented in this paper.
The proposed integer linear program aims at the minimization of
the pixel expansion under the constraints for being a RIVCS.
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55 |
A Research Paper On Vertical Handoff Algorithm For
WLAN And 3G
Bindal Patel, Vinit Gupta
Abstract—Communication services anywhere and anytime is
driving an accelerated technological development towards the
integration of various wireless access technologies such as
WLAN, 3G and etc.
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56 |
A Survey on Detection of Malarial parasites using
Intelligent Techniques
A.Valli, S. Mareeswari, G. Wiselin Jiji
Abstract— Malaria is a life threatening disease and severe
problem which affects many tropical regions around the
world. This is an infectious disease by searching malarial
parasites from human blood smears obtained from
microscopes and they are called as microscopic images. These
images clearly show each and every blood cells of human.
Manual process of malaria diagnosis leads to very time
consuming, because more number of steps are required to
diagnose this disease and sometimes it may leads to more
error prone by human. Diagnosis process of malaria tends to
be very slow by manual process is report by one of the recent
studies. This situation leads to find some technological
solutions to diagnose malarial disease automatically. Most of
the approach discussed here is red blood cells gets
categorized into normal or abnormal condition and detect
this condition using some of the computer aided diagnosis
systems. Various image processing algorithms are used to
detect malarial parasites in blood smears are discussed
throughout this paper.
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57 |
Study on Causes and Effects of Employee Turnover in
Construction Industry
Justin Thomas
Abstract—The term “employee turnover” is a crucial metric
that's usually central to organizations workforce planning and
strategy. the explanations why staff leave their current positions;
not simply the actual fact that they leave have crucial
implications for future retention rates among current staff, job
satisfaction and employee engagement and an organization’s
ability to draw in proficient folks for job vacancies. The impact
of turnover has received substantial attention by senior
management, human resources professionals and construction
engineers particularly project engineers in construction projects.
It’s tried to be one among the foremost expensive and ostensibly
intractable human resource challenges braving many
organizations globally. The aim of this analysis is so, to seek out
the particular reasons behind turnover and its damaging effects
on the development industries in Kerala. To explore turnover in
larger detail, this text can examine the most sources of turnover
rate, its effects and advocate some ways on however a company
will retain staff and scale back turnover rate in housing industry
in Kerala. The results of this study area unit expected to be
helpful for numerous construction firms for taking remedial
measures to scale back the worker turnover that is the major
resource in determining the general success of a project.
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58 |
A Survey On Different Wavelet Transforms In
Steganography
Paramvir Rathi, Neeraj
Abstract— It is obvious that image and signal processing
has become an important and hot topic that comes
across many areas like: engineering, physical science,
computer science and of course mathematics also. It is
now becoming increasingly well known that signal and
image processing are getting great improvements in
performance by using various wavelet based methods.
In order to achieve better understanding of wavelet
based methods, Haar , daubechies, symlet, and
Biorthogonal wavelets are discussed and the use of
wavelet transform in watermarking process also
increases the essence of the mechanism is the central
focus of this paper.
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59 |
Review on Various Techniques for Collaborative Data
Publishing
Sheetal Shahare , Sachin Barahate
Abstract— Here we consider the collaborative data publishing
problem for anonymizing horizontally partitioned data at
multiple data providers. We also consider a new type of “insider
attack” by colluding data providers who can also use their own
data records (a subset of the overall data) to interfere the data
records which is contributed by other data providers. This paper
provides new threat, and tries to make a number of contributions.
First, we provide the notion of m-privacy, which give the
guarantees that the anonymized data satisfies a given privacy.
Second, we use heuristic algorithms exploiting the monotonicity
of privacy constraints for efficiently checking the m-privacy for a
given a group of records. Third, we provide a data provideraware
anonymization algorithm to ensure high utility by
checking some strategies and finally, secure multi-party
computation protocols for collaborative data publishing with mprivacy
.Existing system mostly focused on a single data provider
setting and considered the data recipient as an attacker. A large
body of literature assumes limited background knowledge of the
attacker, and defines privacy using adversial notion by
considering some specific types of attacks. So here we make a use
of fog computing which makes a use of decoy techniques, which
will try to give the better result by maintaining the privacy as
compare to the previous paper while providing m-privacy
guarantee.
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60 |
Design RFID tag and implementation of RSSI based
automatic toll Connection
D.Muthulakshmi, S.Janani
Abstract— Electronic toll collection (ETC) systems are designed
to assist in the management of toll operations through technology
that aids in streamlining traffic movement. ETC aims to
eliminate the delay on toll roads by collecting tolls electronically.
ETC determines whether the vehicles passing are enrolled in the
program, alerts enforcers for those that are not, and
electronically debits the accounts of registered vehicle owners
without requiring them to stop. ETC involves four major
components: Automated vehicle identification, Automated
vehicle classification, Transaction processing, Violation
enforcement. The database and report capabilities allow for
better management of tolling operations, ensuring maximum
revenues. This system detects distance between the vehicles and
the reader using RSSI and debits from the account. Received
Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) is a measurement of the power
present in a received radio signal. My project consists of an
integrated vehicular unit on board with wireless transceiver and
a roadside reader with wireless transceiver and web access to
debit from vehicle owner’s account. The vehicular unit
automatically communicates with the reader when it enters the
range and transmits its identification. The reader based on the
identification received, deducts money from the vehicle owner’s
account and sends a message to the owner. Other vehicles are
indicated in case of arrival of an emergency vehicle in the range
to yield the way to the emergency vehicle.
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61 |
Issues on Different Network Authentication Schemes
Thamraj N. Ghorsad, Swati N. Sonune
Abstract— Textual-based password evidence scheme
tends to be more accessible to attacks such as shoulder
surfing and hidden camera, eves dropping, dictionary
attacks, social engineering. To overcome the
vulnerabilities of traditional methods, graphical
password schemes have been developed as possible
alternative solutions to text-based password schemes.
Most of the graphical schemes are accessible to shoulder
surfing. To solve this problem, text can be combined
with images to generate session passwords for evidence.
Session passwords can be used only once and every time
a new password is generated. In this paper, we
introduce a new evidence techniques “authentic recallbased”
and Complect recall-based techniques.
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62 |
Considerations of similarities between nerve and muscle as
excitable cells
Toshifumi Kumai
Abstract— From the similarity between nerve and muscle fibers as
excitable cells, the following possibilities are considered: (1)
neurotransmitters would be ejected by the contraction of the nerve
terminal; (2) the nerve terminal and sarcoplasmic reticulum would be
considered to be homologous architectures from a functional
viewpoint; and (3) muscle contraction would be brought by canceling
the inside electrostatic force, where the increase of inside Ca2+ ions
would work in its development.
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63 |
Efficient FPGA Implementation of Parallel 2-D MRI Image
Filtering Algorithms
Supriya S. Patil, B.T..Salokhe
Abstract— FPGAs are increasingly used in modern parallel
algorithm applications such as medical imaging [1] , DSP , image
filtering However, most of the above FPGA-based solutions are
typically programmed with low-level hardware description
languages (HDL) inherited from ASIC design methodologies This
paper proposes a method to efficiently implement Parallel 2-D
MRI image filtering algorithms using the Xilinx system
generator. The implementation method consists of five simple
steps that provide fast FPGA prototyping for high performance
computation to obtain excellent quality of results. The results are
obtained for nine 2-D image filtering algorithm.
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64 |
An Efficient approach for Remote Update Firmware for
Embedded Systems
M. Kameswara Rao, B M Kumar Gandhi
Abstract— The ability to update firmware over a network link
is changing into a progressively necessary feature. Updates
are applied for increased security, feature upgrade, bug fixes,
and add new functionalities. The flexibility to upgrade
firmware is considered a crucial feature for embedded
systems, significantly those that are connected to the internet.
It becomes even a lot of necessary when the devices are
deployed in remote Locations. To beat these issues device
manufacturers are choosing secure firmware Upgrade,
wherever the upgrades are initial authenticated and verified
and then upgraded. This paper discusses the key problems
that have got to be considered for the upgradability of the
system and presents a reference design of the secure firmware
Upgrade System.
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65 |
A Review on RSA and AES for Encryption
Seema Rani
Abstract— The incredible growth of the internet has excited
business and consumers which lead the issue of security for
sensitive information .In this paper I am reviewing RSA and
AES cryptosystem which is most used throughout the world
for protecting information. These cryptosystem are much
secure than others as they a provide confidentiality of the
information, integrity of information certainty, to prevent
information from tampering and forgery.
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66 |
ANFIS based Sign Language Recognition System
Vishal A. Wankhade, Shilpa R. Jadhav
Abstract— In the world of sign language, and gestures, a lot of
research work has been done in the past. This has brought
about a gradual transition from isolated to continuous, and
static to dynamic gesture recognition for operations on a limited
vocabulary. In present scenario, human machine interactive
systems facilitate communication between the deaf, and hearing
people in real world situations. To improve the accuracy of
recognition, many researchers have developed methods such as
HMM, Artificial Neural Networks, and Kinect platform.
Effective algorithms for segmentation, classification, pattern
matching and recognition have evolved. The main aim of this
paper is to analyze these methods and to effectively compare
them, which will enable the reader to reach an optimal solution.
This creates both, challenges and opportunities for sign
language recognition related research.
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67 |
Performance Comparison and Analysis of Reactive
Protocols for MANET
ShilpaKhot, J.K.Patil, S.B.Patil
Abstract— Mobile nodes are powered by batteries with limited
capacity, so for mobile ad hoc networks (MANET). Energy
Conservation is a very important design issue for the different
routing protocols, main consideration is the shortest path but
they do not consider the energy of that node. Node failure affects
the overall lifetime of network. So in this paper provide
utilization of more energy path by improving conventional
routing path. The performance comparative and analysis of
existing AODV, DSR and Optimal Energy Reverse Reactive
Routing Protocol (OERRRP) which is modified to improve
network lifetime as well as Energy consumption is presented in
this paper. Simulation results indicate that the routing scheme of
proposed method is more efficient for throughput, number of
nodes alive, and Energy consumption than existing well-known
routing protocols.
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68 |
Computational analysis of a helicopter-rotor blade
with tip sweep to reduce the vibration
B.S.Renjini, A.Manivannan
Abstract— In Helicopters, rotor is the main part which is
used for pitching and yawing controls. By the Newton’s
law it creates torque about its axis and on the helicopter.
During the flight of the helicopter the torque created by
the main rotor is equalized by tail rotor which is used as
anti-torque system. This torque produces undesirable
vibrations and reduces the life of the blade. To minimize
these vibrations, rotor blade with and without sweep at
the tip is made and analyzed using ANSYS software.
The results obtained from the swept blade are compared
with the ordinary rotor blade. Frequency of vibration
gets decreased when blade tip is made with sweep.
Sweeping the blades is the best technique to control the
vibrations. Reduced frequency protects the blades from
fatigue and fracture.
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69 |
Survey of Attacks in Vehicular Adhoc Network
Jatin Malik, Rupali Malhotra
Abstract— Recent developments in wireless communication
technologies led to the evolution of Vehicular Ad hoc Network
(VANET). The main goal of VANET is to afford communication
between vehicles without negotiating security. Regulating the
traffic and identifying malicious vehicles plays an important role
in VANET. In Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is taking
more attention in automotive industry due to the safety concern
of human lives on roads.
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70 |
Authentication of Healthcare Information Exchange
Using Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT)
J.Jeno Angel, P.Alli, S.Poonkuntran
Abstract— Great challenge in our day to day life is that
sending the data in a secure manner. So, security plays
vital role in every one’s life. To protect our information
one can use some of the techniques like cryptography, data
hiding, biometric security etc., Biometric security can be
an advanced technique, to give security to information,
but it needs both human as well as system interaction at
all time. So, we’re choosing the technique called data
hiding. It needs two data one is cover data and another
one is secret data. Data hiding is the method of hiding the
secret data into the cover data. Data can be anything such
as text, image, audio, video, graphics etc., Data hiding can
be perform using two techniques like watermarking and
steganography. To protect our cover data we are hiding
the secret data into the cover data. In medical field,
security to medical images can be given using invisible
watermarking. Images can be represented in the form of
pixel values which is in spatial domain. In our system
watermarking can be done using Discrete Cosine
Transform (DCT). DCT is used to convert pixel values in
spatial domain into the frequency domain. For the
purpose of authentication DCT can be a well suited
technique. This transformation can be applied to cover
image. Reduce the intensity of the secret image that is
converting the integer pixels into floating point pixels to
embed the values in cover data using process of addition. Next, inverse transform can be applied, to view the
embedded image. This embedded image can be
transmitted over the network from one Healthcare
Information System (HIS) to another. During the process
of authentication, system should satisfy main key
requirement of watermarking such as reversibility,
imperceptivity, capacity and fragility during
authentication.
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71 |
Single Phase Transformerless Photovoltaic Inverter
with H6 Type Configuration Using Hybrid
Modulation Method
A.Malliga, S.Subalakshmi
Abstract— This paper presents the design and implementation of
high performance inverters with H6 type configuration using
hybrid modulation method. In this configuration without the
input split capacitors, multiple DC sources, common-mode
voltage and leakage current issues can be eliminated. The main
objective of this system is to achieve high efficient system with
the elimination of common-mode voltage and leakage current.
The hybrid modulation topology is the combination of unipolar
and bipolar pulse width modulation schemes. The performance
of the proposed system is analyzed by comparing the level of
reduction of common mode error as a parameter and the
working of existing H4 inverter.
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72 |
Repetitive Control based Harmonic Voltage
Compensation in Distributed Generation System
R.S.Nishathini, S.Krishna Kumar
Abstract— Distributed Generation refers to small-scale
electric power generators that produce electricity at a site
close to customers using renewable energy in remote areas.
Distributed Generation system is suitable for both stand
alone and grid connected systems. In standalone mode, the
DG output voltage should be sinusoidal at the point of
common coupling irrespective of the load variation and type
of load. The design can be implemented with PI controller
which is suitable for only balanced linear loads. In case of,
non linear and unbalanced loads, it is difficult to maintain
the DG output voltage always sinusoidal due to harmonic
voltage drop in the system impedance. To overcome the
drawbacks of PI controller such as slow dynamic response,
poor voltage regulation and high harmonic distortions, it can
be replaced by the Repetitive Controller. Repetitive
Controller is a control method developed by the Japanese
scholars in 1980’s based on the internal model principle and
is used specifically in dealing with periodic signals. The
comparison of THD values using controller is estimated. The
feasibility of the proposed control strategy is verified through
the simulation results.
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73 |
Enhancement of Heat Transfer in a Circular and
Noncircular Duct Using CFD Simulation
Christapher Robin A, Kushal kumar G, H.V.Harish
Abstract— The phenomenon of forced convection with
turbulent flow is complex and hard to develop
analytically. The aim of the project is to enhance heat
transfer by optimizing the design of domain. In this
study forced airflow at 5 m/s for different heat input,
for different inclination both for circular and noncircular
ducts has been carried. Naturally convection
depends on fluid parameters and geometry of the
domain through which fluid flows. The aim of our
project used to find the value of heat transfer
coefficient ‘h’ for turbulent flow in many fluid
transfer systems. Heat transfer coefficient ‘h’ is very
important parameter because they determine rate of
heat transfer. ICEM-CFD has been used for modeling
and meshing purpose, CFX has been used for analysis
and CFD-POST has been used for results
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74 |
Design & Implementation of 12 Bit Segmented DAC
Deepkant Kumar Mishra, Vivek Dubey, Ravimohan
Abstract— This Paper presents a 16-bit Digital-to-Analog Converter
(DAC) using CMOS technology for mixed-signal applications. A
segmented current steering architecture for the DAC is proposed
using binary weighted architecture. This architecture is the most
optimized in terms of speed, resolution and power. A novel static
performance testing method is proposed. In current steering DACs,
the transistor mismatch limits the accuracy of the signal and bias
current sources. These tolerances translate to mismatch among the
parallel current cells, causing DAC static and dynamic nonlinearity.
For good transistor matching, the transistors need to be
made big and laid out close to each other. The tool used for
simulation is Tanner EDA SEdit and T-Spice.
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75 |
A Novel Approach of Digital Audio
Watermarking Using Frequency Marking
Algorithms
Aakash Shrivastava, Raj Tiwari
Abstract— This paper considers desired properties and
possible applications of audio watermarking algorithms.
Special attention is given to statistical methods working in
the Fourier domain. It will present a solution of robust
watermarking of audio data and reflect the security
properties of the technique. Experimental results show good
robustness of the approach against MP3 compression and
other common signal processing manipulations.
Enhancements of the presented methods are discussed.
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76 |
Digital Audio Watermarking - An Overview
Aakash Shrivastava, Raj Tiwari
Abstract— There is a need of an effective watermarking
technique for copyright protection and authentication of
intellectual property. In this work we propose a digital
watermarking technique which makes use of
simultaneous frequency masking to hide the watermark
information. The algorithm is based on Psychoacoustic
Auditory Model and Spread Spectrum theory. It
generates a watermark signal using spread spectrum
theory and embeds it into the signal by measuring the
masking threshold using Modified Psychoacoustic
Auditory model. Since the watermark is shaped to lie
below the masking threshold, the difference between the
original and the watermarked copy is imperceptible.
Recovery of the watermark is performed without the
knowledge of the original signal. The software system is
implemented using MATLAB and the characteristics
studied.
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77 |
Review of Various Latched Flip Flop Structures
Surbhi Vishwakarma, Vinod Kapse
Abstract— In this paper various flip-flop structures has been
studied like PowerPC 603, HLFF, SDFF, CDMFF, XCFF,
DDFF, DDFF-ELM. In all designs if we want to reduce power
consumption, the Pulse Generator circuitry should be in build
along with the flip-flop itself. If we include a pulse generator
along with DPSCRFF structure we can reduce power
consumption. The pre-charged and discharge phenomenon can
be easily understood by SAFF which gives accurate timings for
higher frequencies. Thus on the basis of above conclusion we
will try to design a Dual Pulsating Latch Flip-Flop with in
build Pulse Generator.
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78 |
An Efficient Node Deployment and Priority Based Cluster
Head Selection
S.Gowsika
Abstract— In WSN sensor nodes are deployed to sense the data
but these sensor nodes have limited recourses therefore WSN
is considered as a resource constraint network. In order to
save energy and resources, data must be aggregated, and
avoid amounts of traffic in the network. The objective of data
aggregation is to eliminate redundant data transmission and
to enhance the life time of energy in wireless sensor network.
Efficient clustering schemes are beneficial for data
aggregation process. Thus, in this paper we propose priority
based cluster head selection (PBCHS) with respect to
clustering is performed to attain energy efficiency and to
extend the lifetime of WSN. Initially network formation is
proceed with random node deployment , Region Division,
Dead node elimination ,Number of dead node calculation,
Number of alive node calculation, Probability calculations for
regions. And we also process the Clustering concept to
increase the efficiency of the network. We employed to
increase the Quality of service parameters.
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79 |
A Comparative analysis of single tail comparator
based on CMOS, FINFET and CNTFET technology
Rameshkumar.R, Bharathiraja.S
Abstract— The Conventional CMOS technology’s
performance decreased due to the short channel effect.
To improve the performance of the circuit performance
the FINFET and CNTFET technology has been
introduced. To prove the above things single tail
comparator is chosen. The main parameters considered
in the performance analysis are delay, frequency, Power
Delay Product and power consumption. H-Spice
simulation software is used for design and analysis of
the single tail comparator circuit in the specified scaling
range.
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80 |
Design and Analysis of Vortex Injector in Hybrid Rocket
Motor
S.Sharmila, S.Raja kumar
Abstract— The goal of this project is to design and analysis of
rocket motors. It mainly supposed to abnormality due to
overpressures, combustion oscillation, damaging shock waves,
hang fires (delayed ignition) extinguishment and chuffing. In the
present paper a vortex injector is used to enhance the
performance of a hybrid rocket motor with paraffin as fuel and
nitrous oxide as oxidizer. The surface and structural design of the
rocket motor is made by using CATIA V5R19 and the analysis of
the design is done on ANSYS Workbench, the operational and
performance waveforms are analyzed in the fluent. The
performance curves and theoretical results are verified for the
efficiency of the designed rocket with vortex generation placed in
different layers.
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81 |
Intensification of Heat Transfer in Economizer
and Validation of Experimental Results by
Analysis of Flow through CFD Simulation
Srinatha K.M, C. Badrinath, C.H. Hemanth kumar, H.V Harish
Abstract— When the flue gases are coming out from
boiler they take away a lot of heat. Economizer utilizes
this heat from flue gases. And this heat is used to heat
the feed water which is going to feed the boiler. Hence
by using economizer the fuel consumption required to
heat the feed water is reduced hence cost is reduced.
First by taking parameters like flue gas temperature,
water inlet and outlet temperature, mass flow rate of
fuel and mass flow rate of water from the plant setup,
the heat input will be calculated. The above readings
will be validated through CFD.Further heat transfer
enhancement in economizer will be carried out by
adopting passive methodWhere insertion of strip along
the passage of flow has been carried which obstructs the
flow there by enhancing heat transfer. Another passive
method has been used to provide roughness to the
surface which enhances heat transfer, which ever gives
more heat transfer Modelling analysis that passive
method will be optimized. Done in CATIA, imported to
ICEM CFD where meshing is done. Further carried out
through CFX.
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82 |
Detection of Copy Move Forgery Using Dual Tree Complex
Wavelet Transform
K.Amutha, E.Hari Prasath, T.Selvakumar
Abstract— Nowadays, several software’s are available that are
used to manipulate images, so that the forged images looks like
the original. Images are used as an authenticated proof of any
crime and if these images do not remain genuine there are
possibilities of insecure issues. To determine whether a digital
image is original or healed and to find the marks of tampering is
a challenging task. Copy-Move forgery is a specific type of image
forgery, in which a part of a digital image is copied and pasted to
another part in the same image. This project works by applying
Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DTCWT) to the input
image to yield an appropriate result for forgery detection. To
achieve this, overlapping blocks of pixels are decomposed using
DTCWT and then channel energies are extracted from each
subband at each decomposition level using the L1 norm. The
performances of these transforms are compared in terms of
Mean Squared Error (MSE), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR),
Normalized Cross Correlation (NCC), Average Difference (AD),
Structural Content (SC), Maximum Difference (MD) and
Normalized Absolute Error (NAE).
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83 |
An Intelligent Adaptive Visual Tracking Automated
Monitoring System for Detecting the Movements of a Coma
Patient
Krishnapriya. K.V, S.Uma
Abstract— An intelligent adaptive visual tracking system is an
automated monitoring system which can be applied in a variety
of fields like military surveillance, hospitals etc. where it is
impractical for human being to do efficient monitoring for a
longer period of time. This can also be implemented to ensure
high security in banks, museums, research centres, laboratories
etc. Object detection in video is usually performed by
background subtraction techniques. Basically, coma patients are
not able to convey their recovery immediately. Coma is not a
brain dead state. It is a brain disability caused due to a heavy
head injury or a mental depression. Day-night care is important
for these patients.The proposed system is an intelligent adaptive
visual tracking automated monitoring system for detecting the
movements of a coma patient.Camera is fixed at a required place
for surveillance purpose and a real time monitoring is done. The
proposed system will detect the patient's movement and sends a
communication to the person in-charge through E-mail and also
does sound an instant alarm. Today all smart phones are
equipped with the facility to view E-mails instantly. This system
uses the pixel based approach in live video processing. Since a
single dot resolution is able to achieve, each and every movement
will be stored as an online backup, which will be helpful in the
patient status analysis. Here, experimentation is done by moving
a stationary object and marking the pixels when a motion is
detected. These experiments are successfully done and
screenshots of the result are attached.
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84 |
Energy Efficient Reliable Routing Using Clustering In
Ad-Hoc Networks
S.Kaviya, S.Uma
Abstract— Mobile computing devices (nodes) that form a mobile
ad hoc network (MANET) are known by their limited
resources, and therefore, some kind of organization and
resource management is required especially in large networks.
Hence, the concept of clustering was introduced to allow special
reuse of bandwidth and to minimize routing overhead. However,
node mobility perturbs the stability of the network and
affects the performance of other protocols such as scheduling,
routing, and resource allocation, which makes re-clustering the
network to maintain up-to-date information at each node
unavoidable. Consequently, clustering models for MANETS
should be carefully designed while taking into consideration the
fact that mobile nodes are energy constrained. The proposed
load balancing energy efficient clustering algorithm allows for
electing a node to play the role of cluster-head taking into
consideration its degree, residual energy, and mobility. Elected
cluster-heads are responsible for servicing a set of nodes (i.e.
cluster-members). The algorithm establishes the basis for an
energy-efficient environment by allowing each node to monitor
its energy expenditure and to strive to survive its utmost during
the network lifetime. By monitoring its energy consumption, a
cluster-head might diminish the number of its cluster-members
or relinquish its role according to its residual energy. Initially the
clusters are formed and cluster-heads are elected; then the
clusters are maintained taking their residual energy into
consideration in order to prolong the network life time.
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